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1 water
رَوَى \ narrate: to tell (a story). quench: to satisfy (one’s thirst). relate: tell (a story). report: to give an account of (sth.): The newspapers report events and speeches. You must report the accident to the police. I shall report you to the headmaster (I shall tell him about your wrongdoing). Please report on your visit when you return. tell: to say (the truth, a lie, the answer, the time, a secret, a story, etc.) to sb.: He told me that he was afraid. If you know the answer you mustn’t tell (anyone). water: to give water to (animals); pour water on (flowers, plants, a garden, etc.). \ See Also قَدّم تقريرًا عن -
2 удалять
•The large amount of material that has to be removed in laser drilling...
•Foul gases should be cleared out of the furnace.
•Much ash has to be disposed of from power stations.
••An exhaust fan to draw off the dry dust...
•Moisture may collect in the sumps, from which it can be expelled when necessary.
•These lines cannot be got rid of by any form of heat treatment.
•The fire side should be kept clean of soot and unburned carbon.
•When the water was removed from the pit,...
•The scrap is difficult to handle because it is made up of punchings.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > удалять
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3 corte
f.1 court.2 court (tribunal). (especially Latin American Spanish)corte Penal Internacional International Criminal Courtm.1 cut (raja).se hizo un corte en la rodilla he cut his kneecorte de pelo haircut2 length (retal de tela).3 shape (contorno).4 section.5 style.6 break (pausa).corte publicitario commercial break7 (cutting) edge (filo). (peninsular Spanish)8 cut, cutback (reducción) (presupuestario, salarial). ( Latin American Spanish)9 embarrassment (informal) (vergüenza).dar corte a alguien to embarrass somebodyme da corte decírselo I feel embarrassed to tell him10 put-down (informal) (respuesta ingeniosa).dar o pegar un corte a alguien to cut somebody dead11 court room.12 piece of cloth.13 cut of meat, cut.14 haircut.15 errand made for a fee.16 break-up.17 tendency, style.18 slap in the face, put-down.pres.subj.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: cortar.* * *1 (del rey etc) court2 (séquito) retinue3 ESPAÑOL AMERICANO (tribunal) court1 the Spanish Parliament sing\hacer la corte a to court, pay court to————————1 (gen) cut2 (filo) edge3 (sección) section4 (de un libro) edge5 (de pelo) cut, haircut6 (de helado) wafer, US ice-cream sandwich7 COSTURA (cantidad de tela) length\dar un corte a alguien familiar to cut somebody dead¡qué corte! familiar what a blow!corte de mangas tabú V-signcorte y confección dressmaking* * *1. noun f. 2. noun m.* * *ISM1) (=incisión, herida) cuthacerse un corte — to cut o.s.
corte longitudinal — lengthwise section, longitudinal section
2) (tb: corte de pelo) cut, haircut3) (Cos) (=diseño) cut4) (=interrupción) cutcorte de carretera — [para obras, accidente] road closure; [como protesta] roadblock
5) (=estilo)6) (=trozo)corte (de helado) — wafer, ice cream sandwich (EEUU)
7) * (=respuesta contundente)dar un corte a algn: ¡vaya corte que te dieron! — that was one in the eye for you, wasn't it!
corte de mangas — rude gesture made with the arm and hand which is the equivalent of giving the V-sign or, in the US, the finger
le hizo un corte de mangas a los fotógrafos — he made a o the V-sign at the photographers, he gave two fingers to the photographers, he gave the photographers the finger (EEUU)
sus declaraciones son un corte de mangas a la Constitución — his statements are a two-fingered salute to the Constitution
8) * (=vergüenza)¡qué corte, me besó delante de todos! — how embarrassing! he kissed me in front of everyone!
llevarse un corte: me llevé un buen corte cuando supe que tenía novio — I felt really silly when I found out she had a boyfriend
9) (=borde) edgedar corte a algo — to sharpen sth, put an edge on sth
10) [de disco] track11) (Min) stint12) Cono Sur (=importancia)IISF1) [de un rey] (=residencia) court; (=séquito) court, entourage, retinuevilla 1)2)hacer la corte a algn — (=cortejar) to pay court to sb; (=halagar) to win favour with sb, lick sb's boots *, suck up to sb *
no deja de hacerme la corte a ver si le presto dinero — he keeps licking my boots o sucking up to me so that I'll lend him some money
3) (Jur) law court4) (=ciudad) capital, capital city5)CORTES GENERALES The Spanish parliament consists of a lower house, the Congreso de los Diputados, and an upper house, the Senado. Members of the lower house are called diputados and members of the Senado are senadores.las Cortes — (Pol) Spanish parliament
See:ver nota culturelle CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS in congreso,ver nota culturelle SENADO in senado* * *I1)a) ( tajo) cutb) ( de carne) cut, cut of meatc) tbcorte de pelo — haircut, cut
2) ( interrupción)un corte en el suministro eléctrico — (frml) a power cut
3) (Ven) ( separación) (fam) break-up, bust-up (colloq)darle un corte a alguien — to break o split up with somebody
4) (AmL) ( en el presupuesto) cut5) (Cin) ( por la censura) cut6)a) ( de tela) length, length of materialb) ( en costura) cutun traje de buen corte — a well-made o well-cut suit
7) (tendencia, estilo)8) (Esp fam)a) ( vergüenza) embarrassmentb) ( respuesta tajante)menudo corte! — what a put-down! (colloq)
9) (fam) (Audio) track10) (RPl fam) ( atención)IIdarse corte — (RPl fam) to show off
1) ( del rey) courthacerle la corte a alguien — ( cortejar) (ant) to woo somebody (dated or liter)
2) (esp AmL) (Der) Court of Appeal3) las Cortes femenino plural (Pol) ( en Esp) Parliament, the legislative assembly* * *I1)a) ( tajo) cutb) ( de carne) cut, cut of meatc) tbcorte de pelo — haircut, cut
2) ( interrupción)un corte en el suministro eléctrico — (frml) a power cut
3) (Ven) ( separación) (fam) break-up, bust-up (colloq)darle un corte a alguien — to break o split up with somebody
4) (AmL) ( en el presupuesto) cut5) (Cin) ( por la censura) cut6)a) ( de tela) length, length of materialb) ( en costura) cutun traje de buen corte — a well-made o well-cut suit
7) (tendencia, estilo)8) (Esp fam)a) ( vergüenza) embarrassmentb) ( respuesta tajante)menudo corte! — what a put-down! (colloq)
9) (fam) (Audio) track10) (RPl fam) ( atención)IIdarse corte — (RPl fam) to show off
1) ( del rey) courthacerle la corte a alguien — ( cortejar) (ant) to woo somebody (dated or liter)
2) (esp AmL) (Der) Court of Appeal3) las Cortes femenino plural (Pol) ( en Esp) Parliament, the legislative assembly* * *corte11 = severance, cut, cut off [cutoff], break, slit, snip, nick, clipping.Ex: Examples can be found where exchange of publications remains as the only form of contact after severance of diplomatic and trade relations.
Ex: The best concentration of PVA solutions for restoring is 8 per cent for mending tears and suturing cuts.Ex: It is assumed that the sum of those units receiving top priority status is less than the current budgeted amount and that a cut off will occur at some point.Ex: In terms of the reference process a break in the chain has occurred between the information need and the initial question.Ex: To make room for your puppet's mouth, make a slit in the sock between your thumb and fingers.Ex: The table was purchased a year and a half ago as a conference table and has a few nicks and scratches but still looks good.Ex: The interlacing of twigs into wickerwork is in all probability contemporary with first clipping of flint into arrow-heads.* alicates de corte = wire cutters.* corte de pelo = hair cut.* corte de voz = voice insert.* corte temporal = time period.* corte transversal = cross-section [cross section], sectional cutting.* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.corte22 = outage, power shutdown.Ex: The ARPAnet was an experimental network designed to support military research -- in particular, research about how to build networks that could withstand partial outages (like bomb attacks) and still function.
Ex: A reminder that the library is closed all day this Saturday due to a power shutdown in the building.* corte de corriente = power cut, power failure.* corte de la corriente eléctrica = power failure, power cut.* corte de luz = power outage, power failure, outage, disruption in the flow of electricity, power cut.* corte de suministro = power shutdown.* corte en el fluido eléctrico = power cut, power failure.corte33 = court.Ex: The protagonist experiences a jarring descent from the heights of literary distinction at court to the coarseness of common experience.
corte4* dar corte = self-conscious, feel + shy.* * *A1 (tajo) cuttenía varios cortes en la cara he had several cuts on his facehazle un pequeño corte en la parte superior make a little cut o nick in the topse hizo un corte en la cabeza he cut his head2 (de carne) cut, cut of meat3tb corte de pelo haircut, cutCompuestos:razor cutlengthwise section, longitudinal section ( tech)transverse section, cross sectionB(interrupción): un corte en el suministro de fluido eléctrico ( frml); an outage ( AmE) o ( BrE) a power cuteste verano hemos tenido varios cortes de agua the water has been cut off several times this summerse produjeron cortes de carretera en toda la provincia roads were blocked all over the provincehubo un corte a una escena donde … it cut to a scene where …Compuestos:( AmL) break, commercial breakstomach crampcommercial break, breakle dio un corte a su novia he broke o split up with his girlfriendD ( AmL) (en el presupuesto) cutE ( Cin) (por la censura) cutF1 (de tela) length, length of material2(en costura): siempre lleva trajes de buen corte he always wears well-made o well-cut suitsCompuestos:≈ V-sign ( in UK)les hizo un corte de mangas he gave them the finger, he did o made a V-sign at them ( BrE)dressmakingG(tendencia, estilo): canciones de corte romántico songs of a romantic kind o nature, romantic songsun discurso de neto corte nacionalista a speech with a clear nationalistic slant o bias o feeling to iten cualquier país de corte democrático in any country of democratic persuasion1 (vergüenza) embarrassmentme da corte ir sola I'm embarrassed to go by myselfes un corte tener que pedírselo otra vez it's embarrassing having to ask him again2(respuesta tajante): ¡menudo corte! what a put-down! ( colloq)le dieron un buen corte cuando le dijeron que … it was a real slap in the face for him o it was a real put-down when they told him that …JL ( Elec) cut-offvoltaje/frecuencia de corte cut-off voltage/frequencyA (del rey) courtvive rodeado de una corte de aduladores he is constantly surrounded by a circle of admirershacerle la corte a algn (cortejar) ( ant); to woo sb ( datedor liter), to court sb ( dated); (halagar, agasajar) to lick sb's bootsCompuestos:Military Appeal Court( AmL) Supreme Courtlas Cortes generales se reunieron ayer Parliament met yesterdayfrente a las Cortes opposite the Parliament buildingCortes Generales (↑ corte a1)Compuesto:fpl constituent assembly* * *
Del verbo cortar: ( conjugate cortar)
corté es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
corte es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
cortar
corte
cortar ( conjugate cortar) verbo transitivo
1 ( dividir) ‹cuerda/pastel› to cut, chop;
‹ asado› to carve;
‹leña/madera› to chop;
‹ baraja› to cut;◊ corte algo por la mitad to cut sth in half o in two;
corte algo en rodajas/en cuadritos to slice/dice sth;
corte algo en trozos to cut sth into pieces
2 (quitar, separar) ‹rama/punta/pierna› to cut off;
‹ árbol› to cut down, chop down;
‹ flores› (CS) to pick;
3 ( hacer más corto) ‹pelo/uñas› to cut;
‹césped/pasto› to mow;
‹ seto› to cut;
‹ rosal› to cut back;
‹ texto› to cut down
4 ( en costura) ‹falda/vestido› to cut out
5 ( interrumpir)
‹película/programa› to interrupt
[ manifestantes] to block;
6 (censurar, editar) ‹ película› to cut;
‹escena/diálogo› to cut (out)
7 [ frío]:◊ el frío me cortó los labios my lips were chapped o cracked from the cold weather
verbo intransitivo
1 [cuchillo/tijeras] to cut
2a) (Cin):◊ ¡corten! cut!
cortarse verbo pronominal
1 ( interrumpirse) [proyección/película] to stop;
[llamada/gas] to get cut off;
se me cortó la respiración I could hardly breathe
2
‹brazo/cara› to cut;
3 ( cruzarse) [líneas/calles] to cross
4 [ leche] to curdle;
[mayonesa/salsa] to separate
5 (Chi, Esp) [ persona] (turbarse, aturdirse) to get embarrassed
corte sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) cut;
corte de pelo haircut;
corte a (la) navaja razor cut;
un corte de luz a power cut;
tuvimos varios cortes de agua the water was cut off several times;
corte de digestión stomach cramp;
corte publicitario (RPl) commercial break
2
◊ un traje de buen corte a well-made o well-cut suit;
corte y confección dressmaking
3 (Esp fam) ( vergüenza) embarrassment;
¡qué corte! how embarrassing!
4 (RPl fam) ( atención):
■ sustantivo femenino
b) (esp AmL) (Der) Court of Appeal;
c)
cortar
I verbo transitivo
1 to cut
(un árbol) to cut down
(el césped) to mow
2 (amputar) to cut off
3 (la luz, el teléfono) to cut off
4 (impedir el paso) to block
5 (eliminar, censurar) to cut out
II verbo intransitivo
1 (partir) to cut
2 (atajar) to cut across, to take a short cut
3 familiar (interrumpir una relación) to split up: cortó con su novia, he split up with his girlfriend
♦ Locuciones: familiar cortar por lo sano, to put an end to
corte 1 sustantivo masculino
1 cut
corte de pelo, haircut
2 (interrupción de suministro eléctrico) power cut
(de agua) es el segundo corte de agua en una semana, the water has been cut off twice this week
3 Cost cut
corte y confección, dressmaking
4 (sección) section
5 familiar (respuesta ingeniosa) rebuff: le dio un corte estupendo a ese engreído, she really put that bighead in his place
6 (estilo) style
7 corte de digestión, stomach cramp
corte de mangas, GB V-sign
TV corte publicitario, commercial break
corte transversal, cross section
corte 2 sustantivo femenino
1 (residencia y compañía real) court
2 Las Cortes, (Spanish) Parliament sing
♦ Locuciones: hacerle la corte a alguien, to court sb
' corte' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
comer
- decir
- ir
- Tajo
- trasquiladura
- villa
- abertura
- cortar
- endurecer
- filete
- me
- melena
- practicar
- sección
- tajo
- transversal
- vidrio
English:
brownout
- court
- crew cut
- crop
- cut
- gash
- hack
- haircut
- length
- notch
- ragged
- section
- severance
- slit
- snip
- trim
- V
- V-sign
- cross
- hair
- layer
- line
- myself
- nick
- shut
- sirloin
- slash
- supreme
- wire
* * *♦ nm1. [raja] cut;[en pantalones, camisa] tear;tiene un corte en la mano she has cut her hand;se hizo un corte en la rodilla he cut his kneecorte y confección [para mujeres] dressmaking; [para hombres] tailoring;corte de pelo haircut2. [retal de tela] length3. [interrupción]mañana habrá corte de agua de nueve a diez the water will be cut off tomorrow between nine and ten;la sequía ha obligado a imponer cortes de agua the drought has forced the authorities to cut off the water supply for a number of hours each day;corte de digestión stomach cramps4. [sección] section;corte longitudinal lengthways section, Espec longitudinal section;corte transversal cross-section5. [concepción, estilo] style;una chaqueta de corte clásico a jacket with a classic cut;una novela de corte fantástico a novel with an air of fantasy about it;un gobierno de corte autoritario a government with authoritarian tendencies6. [pausa] breakcorte publicitario commercial breakeste corte está muy afilado this blade is very sharp8. [en golf] cut;9. [en ciclismo] breakaway (group);meterse en el corte to join the breakaway group10. [helado] Br wafer, US ice-cream sandwich11. [en baraja] cut12. Am [reducción] cut, cutbackcorte presupuestario budget cut;corte salarial wage o pay cutme da corte decírselo I feel embarrassed to tell him;¡qué corte tener que hablar con ella! how embarrassing having to talk to her!le di un buen corte y dejó de molestarme my put-down made him stop annoying me16. corte de mangas = obscene gesture involving raising one arm with a clenched fist and placing one's other hand in the crook of one's elbow;♦ nf1. [del rey] court;la corte celestial the Heavenly Host3. [comitiva] entourage, retinue;vino el ministro con toda su corte the minister arrived with his entourageCortes Constituyentes constituent assembly Corte Penal Internacional International Criminal Court;Corte Suprema de Justicia Supreme Court* * *1 m2:me da corte fam I’m embarrassed3:hacerle un corte de mangas a alguien fam give s.o. the finger fam2 f1 real court;hacer la corte a alguien woo s.o.2 L.Am.JUR (law) court3:las Cortes Spanish parliament* * *corte nm1) : cut, cuttingcorte de pelo: haircut2) : style, fitcorte nf1) : courtcorte suprema: supreme court2)hacer la corte a : to court, to woo* * *corte n1. (en general) cut2. (realeza) court -
4 que
que [kə]━━━━━━━━━1. conjunction2. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (complétive) that━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► that introduisant une subordonnée complétive est souvent sous-entendu en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• tu crois qu'il réussira ? do you think he'll succeed?• mais il n'a pas de voiture ! -- il dit que si but he has no car! -- he says he has━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Avec un verbe de volonté, l'anglais emploie une proposition infinitive. Si le sujet de cette infinitive est un pronom, l'anglais utilise la forme objet du pronom.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque que remplace une conjonction comme si, quand, comme, que, la conjonction est soit répétée soit omise en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• si vous êtes sages et qu'il fait beau, nous sortirons if you are good and (if) the weather is fine, we'll go out• comme la maison est petite et qu'il n'y a pas de jardin... as the house is small and there's no garden...• il ira, qu'il le veuille ou non he'll go whether he wants to or not• qu'il parte ou qu'il reste, ça m'est égal whether he leaves or stays, it's all the same to med. (but) tenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas hold him so he doesn't falle. (temps) elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir she had no sooner gone out than it started raining• ils ne se connaissaient pas depuis 10 minutes qu'ils étaient déjà amis they had only known each other for 10 minutes and already they were friendsf. (souhait) qu'il se taise ! I wish he would be quiet!• eh bien, qu'il vienne ! all right, he can come!• qu'il essaie seulement ! just let him try!• que je l'aide ? tu plaisantes ! me, help him? you must be joking!• « viens ici ! » qu'il me crie (inf) "come here!" he shoutedh. (locutions)► que... ne• j'avais déjà fini de déjeuner qu'elle n'avait pas commencé I'd already finished my lunch and she hadn't even started► que oui ! yes indeed!• il était fâché ? -- que oui ! was he angry? -- he certainly was!► que non ! certainly not!• tu viens ? -- que non ! are you coming? -- no I am not!2. <• que tu es lent ! you're so slow!• que de voitures ! there's so much traffic!• que d'erreurs ! there are so many mistakes!qu'est-ce qu'il est bête ! he's such an idiot!• qu'est-ce qu'il joue bien ! doesn't he play well!3. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner une personne en anglais, il y a trois possibilités: whom, qui est d'un registre soutenu, who qui n'est pas correct, mais très fréquemment utilisé, et that.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner un animal ou une chose en anglais, il y a deux possibilités: that et which, qui s'utilise surtout pour des choses.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• la raison qu'il a donnée the reason (that or which) he gavec. (en incise)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque la relative est en incise, on n'emploie jamais that, mais which pour une chose et who(m) pour une personne.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• un certain M. Leduc, que je ne connais pas, m'a appelé a certain Mr Leduc, who (inf) or whom I don't know, called me• la lettre, que j'ai postée lundi, est arrivée vendredi the letter, which I posted on Monday, arrived on Fridaye. (autres) quel homme charmant que votre voisin ! what a charming man your neighbour is!• tout distrait qu'il est, il s'en est aperçu absent-minded though he is, he still noticed it4. <• que fais-tu ? what are you doing?• qu'en sais-tu ? what do you know about it?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans les cas où il y a un choix, on emploie which.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• que préfères-tu, de la compote ou un crème caramel ? which would you prefer, stewed fruit or crème caramel?• qu'est-ce que tu fais ? what are you doing?• qu'est-ce que tu préfères, le rouge ou le noir ? which do you prefer, the red one or the black one?► qu'est-ce qui what• qu'est-ce qui l'a mis en colère ? what made him so angry?* * *
1.
( qu' before vowel or mute h) kə conjonctioncomme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi — since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why
2)qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte — we were already well aware that he's the best
approche, que je te regarde — come closer so I can look at you
que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non — whether you like it or not
il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police — no sooner had he left than she called the police
j'avais déjà lu dix pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé — I had already read ten pages while he hadn't even started
qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais... — you must excuse me but...
qu'il crève! — (sl) let him rot! (colloq)
2.
pronom interrogatif whatque dire? — what can you ou one say?
que faire? — ( maintenant) what shall I/we do?; ( au passé) what could I/we do?
3.
pronom relatifPierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier — Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday
c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue — she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen
3) ( employé comme attribut) that
4.
‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’ - ‘oh que si!’ — ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’ - ‘yes I have!’
‘tu en as besoin?’ - ‘que oui!’ — ‘do you need it’ - ‘I certainly do!’
••
que conjonction de subordination se traduit généralement par that: elle a dit qu'elle le ferait = she said that she would do it; il est important qu'ils se rendent compte que ce n'est pas simple it's important that they should realize that it's not simpleOn notera que that est souvent omis: je pense qu'il devrait changer de métier = I think he should change jobsQuand que suit un verbe exprimant un souhait, une volonté, l'anglais utilise un infinitif: je voudrais que tu ranges ta chambre = I'd like you to tidy your room; elle veut qu'il fasse un stage de formation = she wants him to do a training courseOn trouvera ci-dessous quelques exemples supplémentaires mais on pourra toujours se reporter aux verbes, adjectifs et substantifs qui peuvent être suivis de que, comme montrer, comprendre, apparaître, certain, évident, idée etc. De même les locutions ainsi que, alors que, bien que sont traitées respectivement sous ainsi, alors, bien. Pour les emplois de que avec ne, plus, moins etc on se reportera à ne, plus, moins etcque pronom relatif se traduit différemment selon qu'il a pour antécédent un nom de personne: l'homme que je vois = the man that I can see; = the man I can see; = the man who I can see; = the man whom I can see; les amis que j'ai invités = the friends that I've invited; = the friends I've invited; = the friends who I have invited; = the friends whom I have invited (dans les deux cas ci-dessus la traduction avec whom appartient au registre de la langue écrite); ou un nom de chose, concept, animal: le chien que je vois = the dog that I can see; = the dog I can see; = the dog which I can see; l'invitation que j'ai reçue = the invitation that I received; = the invitation I received; = the invitation which I received. Voir III ci-dessous* * *kə1. conj1) (introduisant complétive) thatIl sait que tu es là. — He knows you're here., He knows that you're here.
Je veux que tu acceptes. — I want you to agree.
Je veux que tu viennes. — I want you to come.
Il a dit que oui. — He said he would.
Quand il rentrera et qu'il aura mangé... — When he gets back and has eaten...
Si vous y allez ou que vous... — If you go there or if you...
qu'il le veuille ou non — whether he likes it or not, (souhait)
4) (but) (= de sorte que) so, so thatTenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas. — Hold it so it doesn't fall., Hold it so that it doesn't fall.
5) (après comparatif) thanplus... que — more... than
C'est plus difficile que je ne le pensais. — It's more difficult than I thought.
Il est plus grand que moi. — He's bigger than me.
6) (équivalence) asaussi... que — as... as
Elle est aussi jolie que sa sœur. — She's as pretty as her sister.
Le train est aussi cher que l'avion. — The train is as expensive as the plane.
See:plus; aussi; autantne... que (= seulement) — only
Il ne boit que de l'eau. — He only drinks water.
Je ne l'ai vu qu'une fois. — I've only seen him once.
à peine... que; Elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir. — She had just gone out when it started to rain., No sooner had she gone out than it started to rain.
il y a... que; ça fait... que; Il y a 4 ans qu'il est parti.; Ça fait 4 ans qu'il est parti. — It is 4 years since he left.
See:2. advqu'il est...; Qu'il est bête!; Qu'est-ce qu'il est bête! — He's so silly!
Qu'il court vite!; Qu'est-ce qu'il court vite! — He runs so fast!
que de... — such a lot of..., so many...
3. pron1) (relatif) (personne) that, whomla dame que j'ai rencontrée hier — the lady I met yesterday, the lady that I met yesterday
l'homme que je vois — the man I can see, the man that I can see
2) (chose) that, whichLe gâteau qu'elle a fait est délicieux. — The cake she made is delicious., The cake that she made is delicious., The cake which she made is delicious.
le livre que tu vois — the book you see, the book that you see, the book which you see
3) (temps) (= où)un jour que j'étais... — a day when I was...
4) (interrogatif) whatQu'est-ce que...? — What...?
Qu'est-ce que c'est? (en désignant qch) — What is it?, What's that?, (en entendant qch) What's that?
* * *que ⇒ Note d'usage (qu' before vowel or mute h)A conj1 ( reprenant une autre conjonction) comme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why; si vous venez et que vous avez le temps if you come and (if you) have the time;2 je crains que tu (ne) fasses une bêtise I'm worried (that) you might do something silly; le fait qu'il se soit enfui prouve sa culpabilité the fact that he has run away is proof of his guilt; qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte we were already well aware that he's the best; taisez- vous que j'entende ce qu'il dit stop talking so (that) I can hear what he's saying; approche, que je te regarde come closer so I can look at you; qu'il pleuve et toute la récolte est détruite if it rains the harvest will be ruined; que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non whether you like it or not; il voudrait faire échouer le projet qu'il ne s'y prendrait pas autrement if he wanted to ruin the project he couldn't have chosen a better way to do it; il l'aurait fait qu'il ne voudrait pas l'admettre even if he did do it he wouldn't admit it; il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police no sooner had he left than she called the police; vous dormiez encore que j'avais déjà fait une longue promenade you were still asleep, while I had already been for a long walk; j'avais déjà lu 10 pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé I had already read 10 pages while he hadn't even started; il ne se passe pas de jour qu'il ne pleuve not a day goes by without rain ou when it doesn't rain; que tout le monde sorte! everyone must leave!; qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais… you must excuse me but…; qu'il se taise! I wish he would be quiet!; que n'êtes vous-arrivés hier soir! fml if only you'd arrived last night!; que ceux qui n'ont pas compris le disent let anyone who hasn't understood say so; qu'on le pende! hang him!; qu'il crève◑! let him rot○!, he can rot○!; que j'aille le voir! you expect me to go and see him!; que je leur prête ma voiture! you expect me to lend them my car!; que je sache as far as I know;3 ◑( à la place de l'inversion du sujet) et alors? que je lui ai dit so? I said to him; approche! qu'il m'a dit come closer! he says to me○.B pron inter what; que fais-tu ? what are you doing?; que dire? what can you ou one say?; que faire? ( maintenant) what shall I do?, what am I to do?; ( au passé) what could I do?, what was I to do?; que veux-tu pour ton anniversaire? what do you want for your birthday?; qu'est-ce que tu en penses? what do you think?; je ne sais que dire I don't know what to say; je ne sais pas ce qu'il a dit I don't know what he said; que sont ces traces? what are those tracks?; qu'est-ce que c'est que ça? what's that?; qu'importe? what does it matter?C pron rel1 ( ayant un nom de personne pour antécédent) Pierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday; c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen;2 ( ayant un nom de chose ou d'animal pour antécédent) je n'aime pas la voiture que tu as achetée I don't like the car (that) you've bought; le livre qu'il a écrit juste après la guerre the book that he wrote just after the war; les photos que vous regardez ont été prises à Rome the photographs that ou which you are looking at were taken in Rome; c'est la plus belle fleur que j'aie jamais vue it's the most beautiful flower (that) I've ever seen;3 ( employé comme attribut) that; la vieille dame qu'elle est devenue the old lady that she has become; énervé qu'il était il n'a pu terminer son discours he was so worked up that he couldn't finish his speech; de petite fille sage qu'elle était elle est devenue une petite peste she's changed from the good little girl that she was into a real pest; bête que je suis fool that I am; stupide que tu es! you silly thing!D adv que vous êtes jolie! how pretty you are!; que c'est difficile/ennuyeux how difficult/boring it is; que c'est joli it's so pretty; ce que vous êtes jolie! you're so pretty!; que de monde/d'eau what a lot of people/water; qu'avait-il besoin de faire? why did he have to do?; que ne le disais-tu plus tôt? fml why didn't you say so earlier?; ‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’-‘oh que si!’ ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’-‘oh yes I have!’; que non! definitely not!; ‘tu en as besoin?’-‘que oui!’ ‘do you need it’-‘indeed I do!’; c'était une époque turbulente que le XVIe siècle what a turbulent period the 16th century was.1. [combien]que tu es naïf! you're so naive!, aren't you naive!que de bruit ici! it's so noisy here!, what a lot of noise there is in here!2. [exprimant l'indignation]que ne l'as-tu (pas) dit plus tôt! why didn't you say so earlier?, I wish you had said so ou that earlier!————————sa sœur, que je n'avais pas vue depuis 10 ans, était là aussi her sister, whom ou who I hadn't seen for 10 years, was there toole contrat que j'ai signé the contract (which) ou that I signedje ne suis pas la seule, que je sache I'm not the only one as far as I know4. [pour souligner une caractéristique]fatiguée qu'elle était, elle continuait à l'aider tired though ou as she was, she carried on helping himde timide qu'il était, il est devenu expansif once a shy man, he's now an extroverten bon père/électricien qu'il était being the good father/electrician he wasune chance, que cette panne! very lucky, this breakdown!5. [dans des expressions de temps, de durée]un soir qu'il faisait très chaud one very hot evening, one evening when the weather was very hotle temps que tu te prépares, il sera trop tard by the time you're ready it'll be too latechaque fois que je m'absente, il téléphone every time I'm out he phones————————1. [dans le discours direct] whatqu'est-ce que je vois/j'entends? [ton menaçant ou hum] what is this I see/hear?2. [dans le discours indirect] what————————1. [après des verbes déclaratifs ou des verbes d'évaluation] thatexigez qu'on vous indemnise demand compensation ou to be compensated[en début de proposition]que leur fils ait fugué, cela ne devrait pas nous surprendre the fact that their son ran away shouldn't come as a surprise to usque tu pleures ne changera rien your ou you crying won't change anything2. (à valeur circonstancielle) [et déjà] thanil n'a pas fini de lire un roman qu'il en commence un autre no sooner has he finished one novel than he starts reading another[afin que] so thatapproche-toi, que je te voie mieux come closer so that I can see you better[à tel point que]elle tousse que ça réveille tout le monde (familier) she coughs so much (that) she wakes everybody upil est têtu que ça en devient un vrai problème (familier) he's so ou that stubborn (that) it's a real problem[dialecte: parce que]ne viens pas, que si je te vois je te tue! don't come, 'cos if I see you I'll kill you!3. (suivi du subjonctif) [pour formuler un ordre, un souhait, une éventualité]a. [faites-la parler] make her talk!b. [laissez-la parler] let her speak!eh bien, qu'il s'en aille s'il n'est pas content! he can leave if he doesn't like it!qu'il m'attaque et je dis tout just let him (try and) attack me, and I'll reveal everything4. (soutenu) [dans une double hypothèse]5. [répète la conjonction précédente]6. [formule de présentation et d'insistance]je croyais l'affaire faite et voilà qu'elle n'est pas d'accord I thought the deal was clinched and now I find she disagreessi je n'ai rien dit, c'est que je craignais de te vexer if I said nothing, it was because I was afraid of upsetting youtu n'iras pas — que si! you won't go — oh yes I will ou I will too!7. [dans une formule interrogative]————————que... ne locution conjonctiveaucune décision n'est prise que je ne sois préalablement consulté no decision is made without my being consulted first————————que... ou non locution conjonctivewhether... or not————————que... (ou) que locution conjonctivewhether... orqu'il fasse beau, qu'il pleuve, je sors me promener come rain or come shine, I go out for a walk -
5 helado
adj.frozen, chilly, cold, frost-bitten.m.ice cream.past part.past participle of spanish verb: helar.* * *1 ice-cream————————1→ link=helar helar► adjetivo1 (gen) frozen2 (muy frío) icy, freezing cold3 (café, té) iced1 ice-cream\dejar a alguien helado,-a to stun somebodyquedarse helado,-a familiar to be flabbergasted, be stunnedhelado de corte wafer* * *1. noun m. 2. (f. - helada)adj.freezing, icy* * *1. ADJ1) (=congelado) [lago, río] frozen; [carretera] icy2) (=muy frío) [bebida, comida] ice-cold; [mirada] frosty, icy¡estoy helado! — I'm frozen!, I'm freezing!
¡tengo las manos heladas! — my hands are frozen o freezing o like ice!
3) (=pasmado)¡me deja usted helado! — you amaze me!
¡me quedé helado! — [de sorpresa] I couldn't believe it!; [de miedo] I was scared stiff!
4) Caribe (Culin) iced, frosted2.SM ice creamhelado de agua — Cono Sur sorbet; [con palo] ice lolly (Brit), Popsicle ® (EEUU)
* * *I- da adjetivo1)a) <persona/manos> freezing (colloq), frozen (colloq); <casa/habitación> freezing (colloq)tengo los pies helados — my feet are frozen o freezing
dejar a alguien helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned when she told us the news; quedarse helado — ( de asombro) to be stunned
b) < comida> stone-cold; <líquido/bebida> ( muy frío) freezing; ( que se ha enfriado) stone-coldservir el vino bien helado — (AmL) serve the wine well chilled
2) <agua/estanque> frozenIImasculino ice cream* * *I- da adjetivo1)a) <persona/manos> freezing (colloq), frozen (colloq); <casa/habitación> freezing (colloq)tengo los pies helados — my feet are frozen o freezing
dejar a alguien helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned when she told us the news; quedarse helado — ( de asombro) to be stunned
b) < comida> stone-cold; <líquido/bebida> ( muy frío) freezing; ( que se ha enfriado) stone-coldservir el vino bien helado — (AmL) serve the wine well chilled
2) <agua/estanque> frozenIImasculino ice cream* * *helado11 = ice cream.Ex: This article reports on the modification and use of a supermarket ice cream freezer to exterminate insects.
* copa de helado = ice cream sundae, sundae.* helado de fresa = strawberry ice cream.* helado de vainilla = vanilla ice cream.* sorbete de helado = ice cream soda.* vendedor de helados = ice cream man.helado22 = icy [icier -comp., iciest -sup.], frigid, iced, frosty [frostier -comp., frostiest -sup.].Ex: In general, studless tires did best on snow, while those with studs were best on icy roads.
Ex: In such frigid conditions, spectators, coaches and even players were wearing neck warmers.Ex: Sand is used in some other states on snow and iced roads -- not quite as effective but it doesn't eat your vehicle with rust either.Ex: This picture was taken a little over a month ago on a cold, foggy, and frosty morning.* agua helada = ice water.* estar helado = be frozen stiff.* helado hasta la médula de los huesos = frozen to the bone, frozen to the marrow (of the bones), chilled to the bone, chilled to the marrow (of the bones).* lluvia helada = freezing rain.* mezcla de lluvia helada y aguanieve = wint(e)ry mix, wint(e)ry shower.* niebla helada = freezing fog.* quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.* té helado = iced tea.* * *Atengo los pies helados my feet are frozen o freezingdejar a algn helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned o ( BrE) staggered when she told us the news2 ‹comida› stone-cold ‹líquido/bebida› (muy frío) freezing; (que se ha enfriado) stone-coldel agua está helada the water's freezingeste té está helado this tea is stone-coldservir el vino bien helado ( AmS); serve the wine well chilledB ‹agua/estanque› frozenice creamCompuestos:wafer* * *
Del verbo helar: ( conjugate helar)
helado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
helado
helar
helado 1◊ -da adjetivo
1
‹casa/habitación› freezing (colloq);
‹líquido/bebida› ( muy frío) freezing;
( que se ha enfriado) stone-cold;
2 ‹agua/estanque› frozen
helado 2 sustantivo masculino
ice cream;
( con palo) Popsicle® (AmE), ice lolly (BrE)
helar ( conjugate helar) verbo transitivo/intransitivo
to freeze
helado v impers:
helarse verbo pronominal
1 [río/charco] to freeze (over);
[agua/plantas/cosecha] to freeze
2 (fam)
b) [comida/café] to get o go cold
helado,-a
I sustantivo masculino ice cream
II adjetivo
1 (muy frío) frozen, freezing cold: estábamos helados (de frío), we were frozen
2 fig (atónito) stunned, flabbergasted: la noticia me dejó helado, I was flabbergasted by the news
me quedé helado, I was stunned
helar
I vtr (congelar) to freeze
II verbo impersonal to freeze: anoche heló, there was a frost last night
' helado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cucurucho
- helada
- polo
- por
- Tiro
- tutti-frutti
- vainilla
- adoquín
- apetecer
- barra
- bola
- chupada
- copa
- derretir
- deshacer
- gana
- haber
- nieve
- paleta
- tomar
- viento
English:
come out
- concentrate
- cone
- cornet
- craving
- dip
- feel
- flavor
- flavour
- front
- frozen
- ice cream
- ice-cold
- icy
- runny
- scoop
- stone-cold
- tub
- vanilla
- boggle
- fancy
- floor
- freeze
- freezing
- frosty
- ice
- iced
- lolly
- Popsicle
- soda
- stiff
- stone
- stun
- stunned
- sundae
- taste
- topping
- treat
* * *helado, -a♦ adj1. [hecho hielo] [agua] frozen;[lago] frozen over2. [muy frío] [manos, agua] freezing;esta sopa está helada this soup is stone-cold;llegó helado de frío y mojado he arrived frozen stiff and wet through;me quedé helado esperándola bajo la lluvia I nearly froze to death waiting for her in the rain3. Andes, RP [bebida] ice-cold, well chilled;sírvase bien helado serve well chilled4. [atónito] dumbfounded, speechless;¡me dejas helado! I don't know what to say!;me dejó helado cuando me contó lo que le había pasado she left me speechless when she told me what had happened to her♦ nmice creamCSur helado de agua Br ice lolly, US Popsicle®; RP helado palito Br ice lolly, US Popsicle®* * *I adj frozen; figicy;quedarse helado be stunnedII m ice cream* * *helado, -da adj1) gélido: icy, freezing cold2) congelado: frozenhelado nm: ice cream* * *helado1 adj1. (congelado) frozen2. (muy frío) freezinghelado2 n ice cream -
6 من
مِن \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We hold things by the handle. We know people by name. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. from: showing the time that sth. started: I waited from six o’clock till eight, showing where sth. began or was obtained Are men descended from monkeys? He read aloud from the newspaper, showing cause He suffered from stomach pains, showing the lower limit of costs, numbers, etc. New bicycles cost from $60 to $90 each, showing a change The price rose from 20 pence to 25 pence, showing difference I don’t know one from the other, showing the place that one has left He arrived from Glasgow. of: (after a noun) showing contents, amount, kind, etc.: a cup of coffee (a cup that contains coffee); a cupful of coffee (enough coffee to fill a cup); a pound of sugar (sugar that weighs a pound); a piece of bread (not a whole loaf), (after an adj. or verb) concerning; about: I’m sure of it. She’s afraid of mice, (after a verb) showing a cause He died of hunger, (after an adj.) showing who did sth. and how he did it It was kind of your father to invite me (Your father was kind...), (after a participle) showing how sth. is formed a dress made of silk. than: used in comparing two objects; here the second subject and verb are always left out: I like you better than him (I like you better than I like him), used in comparing two subjects; it is better to put in the second verb, although some writers leave it out He is taller than I (am). He runs faster than I (do). \ مِن أَجْل \ because of: as a result of: Because of his illness, he could not travel. for: because of: He jumped for joy. She was sent to prison for stealing. for sb. to do sth.: that sb. should do sth.: I’m anxious for him to pass his exams. sake, for the sake of, for sb.’s sake: for the desire of: Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?, for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake. towards: as a help to: He gave me $5 towards the cost of my bicycle. \ مِن أَجْل ذلك \ hence: (often with no verb) for this reason: My car broke down; hence my late arrival. \ مِن أحدث طِراز \ up to date: up to the present moment; modern; knowing or showing the latest facts: Give me an up-to-date report on political events in South America. \ مِن أَصْل \ out: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ preferably: if possible: Any day suits me, but preferably not Sunday. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ had better: would be wise to: You had better try again tomorrow. \ See Also الأَجْدى لِـ \ مِن الآن \ hence: from now: A week hence I shall be in Rome. \ مِن... إلى \ from... to...: (without a or the) showing passage of time, distance in space, or repeated action: He visits me from time to time. He went from house to house in search of work. \ مِن آن إلى آخر \ every now and again, every now and then: again and again, but with no regular space between. \ مِن الآن فَصَاعِدًا \ henceforth, henceforward: from now on; in future. on: onwards: From now on I shall be more careful. \ مِن البداية إلى النهاية \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن بَعْدُ \ since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. I’ve been thinking about him ever since. \ مِن بَعيد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ مِن بَين \ out of: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن ثَمَّ \ subsequently: afterwards: He became ill in the winter, and subsequently died. \ مِن جَانِبٍ إِلَى آخر \ across: form one side to the other: Run across before a car comes. The river is half a mile across. over: so that a different side is upwards: Turn the page over. Roll the body over. \ مِن جَديد \ afresh: again; making a new beginning: Tear up this page and start afresh. \ مِن جَمِيع الجهَات \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن جَمِيع الوُجوه تقريبًا \ to all intents and purposes: in regard to all that matters: To all intents and purposes, the work is finished (though a few unimportant points remain to be dealt with). \ مِن جِهة \ in respect of, with respect to, respecting: concerning: a bill in respect of car repairs. on the part of: in the case of; so far as sb. is concerned: There was no mistake on her part (If there was a mistake, it was not hers). \ مِن جهة ومِن الجهة الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن الحديد \ iron: made of iron; as strong as iron: an iron bar; an iron will. \ مِن حُسن التوفيق \ happily: fortunately: Happily, he was not hurt in the accident. a good job: a fortunate thing: It’s a good job that you crossed before the bridge fell. fortunately: adv. as the result of good fortune: He fell down but fortunately did not hurt himself. \ See Also لحسن الحظ (لِحُسْنِ الحَظّ) \ مِن حَوْل \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن حَيْثُ شَخْصُهُ \ personally: as a person (in regard to character); socially: I like him personally, but I dislike his political ideas. \ مِن حِين لآخَر \ occasional: happening sometimes, but not regularly: We had an occasional quarrel. now and again, now and then: sometimes. \ مِن خِلال \ through: from one side to the other; from one end to the other: He drove a nail through (the board). A river ran through (the town). Water runs through pipes. I looked through the window, but I couldn’t see far through the mist. I read through my notes. \ مِن الدرجة الأولى \ first-class, first-rate: of the best quality: He is a first-class photographer. \ مِن سُخْرِية الأقدار \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِنَ الشرق \ eastern: belonging to the east. \ مِن صُنْعِ اليَد \ hand-made: made by hand, not by a machine: Hand-made shoes. \ مِن الضروريّ أن كما \ must: (p.t.. had to, neg.. needn’t, don’t/didn’t need to; don’t/didn’t have to) need to: You must go now, mustn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t go yet. \ مِن الطبيعيّ \ it goes without saying (that): naturally; of course: The invitation was sent to me; but it goes without saying that my wife is included. \ مِن الطراز القديم \ old-fashioned: (of people) holding on to old ideas and customs; (of things) not modern; no longer used. \ مِن طَرَف لآخر \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن عَجيب التَّقادِير \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِن عَلى ظهر السفينة \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن غَيْر \ without: not with; not having: Without doubt, this is the best. I did it without his help. He took my bicycle without asking me. \ مِن غَيْر حَرَج \ freely: readily: They freely accepted my advice. \ مِنَ الفراء \ fur: animal skin, with the fur on it, used as clothing: a coat with a collar of fur; a fur hat. \ مِنَ الفِراش \ up: out of bed: I get up at 6.30 every morning. We stayed up very late last night. \ مِن فَضْلِك \ kindly: please!: kindly close the door!. please: (when asking) giving a polite order: Please stop that noise. A cup of coffee, please, asking for a favour or for permission Will you help me, please? Please, may I use your pen?. \ مِن فَوْق \ over: across, from one side of sth. to the other: He jumped over the fence. The gate was locked, so he climbed over. \ مِن فَوق سَطْح المَرْكَب \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن قَبْل \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; a short while ago. already: before this time: She’s already married. before: at an earlier time (than): I have been here before. beforehand: before; early; in readiness: If you want your dinner early, warn the cook beforehand. \ مِن قِبَل \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ مِن قَلْبٍ مُخْلص \ heartily: thoroughly: I heartily agree with you. \ مِنَ المُؤسِف \ pity: (with a) an unfortunate fact or happening: It’s a pity that you can’t go with us to the cinema. \ مِنَ المُحَتَّم \ bound, (bind, bound) to: certain to: He’s bound to win. \ See Also المُؤَكَّد أَنّ \ مِنَ المُحْتَمَل \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired. \ مِن مُدّةٍ قريبة \ the other day: a few days ago: I met your son the other day. \ مِن المَرْتَبَة أو الدَّرَجة الثّانِية \ second-class: of the next level below that of top quality: The less comfortable second-class seats were much cheaper than the first-class ones. \ مِن المَفْروض أنّ \ be supposed to: to have a duty to; be expected to: You’re supposed to be working now, not playing. You’re not supposed to be here (You ought not be here). \ مِن مَكانٍ لآخَر \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. \ مِن المُمْكِن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (with an if clause, showing a possibility that depends on sth. else) would be able to: She could buy it if you lent her the money. possibly: perhaps: Possibly you can help. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired.. \ مِنَ المُمْكِن أن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (showing a simple possibility): You could telephone her (if you wanted to). might: expressing a weak possibility (future, present or past): She might do that tomorrow; she might be doing it at this moment; she might even have done it already (but I doubt that she has done it or ever will do it). \ مِنْ ناحية... مِنَ الناحية الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن النّاحية النظريّة \ in theory: as an idea; according to ideas: Your plan may work in theory, but it will not work in practice. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ earl: the title of a British nobleman. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ noble: of high rank: a woman of noble birth. \ See Also الأشراف \ مِنْ نِتاج الوَطَن \ home-grown: (of food) grown in one’s own country, not in another country: home-grown vegetables. \ مِنْ نُسْخَتَين \ in duplicate: on two separate copies: Please complete this list in duplicate. \ مِنْ نَسْل \ descendant: sb. who is descended from a person: a descendant of Queen Victoria. \ See Also ذرية (ذُرِّيَّة) \ مِنْ نَفْس البَلَد \ countryman, countrymen: (usu. fellow countryman) a person of the same nation as another. \ مِنْ نوع راق \ classical: of proved and lasting value: classical music. \ مَنْ هُم أَعْلَى مقَامًا \ betters, one’s betters: those who have more experience or higher rank than onself: Treat your betters with more respect. \ See Also أَرْفَع شَأنًا مِن \ مِن هُنَا \ away: (with verbs of movement) to a distance: Go away! We drove the dog away. by: past: Please let me (get) by. He smiled as he went by. \ مَن هو أَعْلَى دَرَجَةً \ superior: sb. of higher rank: You must obey your superiors. \ مِن واجبه أن \ up to: the duty of: It’s up to his father to punish him. \ مِن وَاحِد إلى آخَر \ over: across, from one person to another: She handed over the keys to a friend. \ مِن الواضح \ much: (in comparison; before most, etc.) without doubt; clearly: He is much the most experienced player in the team. \ مِن وَراءِ ظَهْرِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ مِن وَقْت لاِخَر \ now and again: sometimes. off and on, on and off: not continuously; at one time and another: It has been raining off and on the whole day. sometimes: at certain times but not always: Sometimes I win and sometimes I don’t. England sometimes has a hot summer, but not often. -
7 być
impf (jestem, jesteś, jest, jesteśmy, jesteście, są, byłem, byłeś, był, byliśmy, byliście, byli, będę, będziesz, będzie, będziemy, będziecie, będą) Ⅰ vi 1. (istnieć, żyć) to be- jest wielu znanych aktorów there are many well known actors- nie ma nikogo, kto mógłby to zrobić there’s no one who could do it- czy jest Bóg, czy go nie ma? does God exist, or not?- był sobie kiedyś stary król there was a. lived once an old king- nie było cię jeszcze wtedy na świecie this was before you were born- myślę, więc jestem I think, therefore I am- być albo nie być to be or not to be- to dla nas być albo nie być this is our to be or not to be, this is our Waterloo- nie ma już dla niej ratunku nothing can save her now- jest wiele powodów do zadowolenia there’s good reason to be happy- nie ma powodu do obaw there is no reason a. need to worry- są sprawy, których nigdy nie zrozumiesz there are (certain) things that you’ll never understand- nie ma co płakać/gadać it’s no use crying/talking (about it)- nie ma co żałować (there’s) no need to be sorry- nie ma co a. czego żałować it’s no great loss- nie ma czemu się dziwić, że… it’s no surprise a. wonder that…- nie ma o co się kłócić there’s nothing to quarrel about- nie ma czym się martwić/czego się bać there’s nothing to worry about/to be afraid of- nie ma z czego być dumnym (it’s) nothing to be proud of- nie ma z czego się cieszyć/śmiać there’s nothing to rejoice/to laugh about- „dziękuję za podwiezienie” – „nie ma za co” ‘thanks for the lift’ – ‘don’t mention it’ a. ‘you’re welcome‘- „przepraszam, że panu przerwałem” – „nie ma za co” ‘sorry I interrupted you’ – ‘that’s all right’- już cię/was nie ma! off with you!2. (przebywać, znajdować się) to be- być w pracy/szkole to be at work/at school- być w teatrze/na koncercie to be at the theatre/at a concert- teraz wychodzę, ale będę w domu o piątej I’m going out now, but I’ll be home at five- dzisiaj nie ma go w biurze he’s not in the office today- w pokoju nikogo nie ma/nie było there is/was no-one in the room- jest już piąta, a jego jak nie ma, tak nie ma it’s already five, and he’s still not here a. there’s still no trace of him- „czy jest Robert?” – „nie, nie ma go, jest jeszcze w szkole” ‘is Robert in?’ – ‘no, he’s not, he’s still at school’- „są jeszcze bilety na ostatni seans?” – „niestety, już nie ma” ‘do you still have tickets for the last showing?’ – ‘sorry, all sold out’- czy będziesz jutro w domu? ‘will you be at home a. in home tomorrow?’- kiedy (ona) będzie znowu w Warszawie? when will she be in Warsaw again?- byłem wczoraj u Roberta/u babci I was at Robert’s/granny’s yesterday, I went to see Robert/granny yesterday- był przy narodzinach swojej córki he was present at the birth of his daughter- nigdy nie byłem w Rosji I’ve never been to Russia- „skąd jesteś?” – „(jestem) z Krakowa/Polski” ‘where are you from?’ – ‘(I’m) from Cracow/Poland’- „gdzie jesteś?” – „tutaj!” ‘where are you?’ – ‘(I’m) here!’- „jestem!” (przy odczytywaniu listy) ‘here!’, ‘present’- będąc w Londynie, odwiedziłem Annę when a. while I was in London I went to see Anna- biblioteka jest w budynku głównym the library is in the main building- w jednym pudełku jest dziesięć bateryjek there are ten batteries in a packet- w domu nie było nic do jedzenia there was nothing to eat at home a. in the house- co jest w tym pudle? what’s in this box?- gdzie jest moja książka/najbliższa apteka? where’s my book/the nearest chemist’s?- co jest dzisiaj na lunch? what’s for lunch today?- wczoraj na kolację był dorsz there was cod for dinner yesterday- „dużo masz tych ziemniaków?” – „oj, będzie” pot. ‘got a lot of those spuds?’ – ‘loads’ pot.- będzie, będzie, więcej się nie zmieści pot. that’s plenty a. that’ll do, there’s no room for any more3. (trwać, stawać się) to be- jest godzina druga po południu it’s two in the afternoon a. two p.m.- nie ma jeszcze szóstej rano it’s not yet six a.m.- zanim dotrzemy do domu, będzie ósma wieczorem/północ it’ll be eight p.m./midnight by the time we reach home- był maj it was in May- to było w grudniu 1999 it was in December 1999- to było dawno, dawno temu this was a long, long time ago- jest piękny ranek it’s a fine morning- jest mroźno/upalnie it’s nippy/hot- wczoraj był deszcz/mróz it was raining/freezing yesterday- ciekawe, czy jutro będzie pogoda I wonder if it’s going to be fine tomorrow- nie pamiętam dokładnie, to było dość dawno temu I can’t really remember, it was some time ago- z niego jeszcze coś będzie he’ll turn out all right- co z niego będzie? how will he turn out?, what will become of him?- będzie z niego dobry pracownik he’ll be a good worker- kuchmistrz to z ciebie nie będzie you’ll never make a chef- z tych kwiatów nic już nie będzie these flowers/plants have had it pot.- z naszych planów/wakacji nic nie będzie nothing will come of our plans/holidays- nic z tego nie będzie it’s hopeless- nic dobrego z tego nie będzie nothing good will come of it- tyle pracy i nic z tego nie ma (he’s done) so much work and nothing to show for it4. (odbywać się, zdarzać się) to be- koncert/egzamin jest jutro the concert/exam is tomorrow- zebranie było w sali konferencyjnej the meeting was (held) in the conference room- jutro nie będzie a. nie ma lekcji there are no classes tomorrow- był do ciebie telefon there was a phone call for you- czy były do mnie jakieś telefony? has anyone called me?- był wypadek w kopalni there was an accident in the mine- co będzie, jeśli nie zdasz egzaminu? what’s going to happen if you fail the exam?- co będzie, jeśli ktoś nas zobaczy? supposing a. what if someone sees us?- nie martw się, wszystko będzie dobrze don’t worry, it’ll be a. it’s going to be fine- w życiu bywa rozmaicie you never know what life may bring- opowiedziałem jej wszystko, tak jak było I told her everything just as it happened- co ci/jej jest? what’s the matter with you/her?- coś mi/jemu jest something’s the matter with me/him- czy jemu coś jest? is anything the matter with him?- nic mu nie będzie, to tylko przeziębienie he’ll be fine, it’s only a cold5. (uczestniczyć, uczęszczać) to be- być na weselu/zebraniu to be at a wedding/meeting- wczoraj byliśmy na przyjęciu we were at a reception yesterday- być w liceum/na uniwersytecie to be at secondary school/at university- być na studiach to be a student a. at college- być na prawie/medycynie to study law/medicine- był na trzecim roku anglistyki he was in his third year in the English department- być na kursie komputerowym to be on a computer course- być na wojnie to go to war6. (przybyć) to be, to come- być pierwszym/drugim to be the first/second to arrive- był na mecie trzeci he came third- czy był już listonosz? has the postman been a. come yet?7. (znajdować się w jakimś stanie) to be- być pod urokiem/wrażeniem kogoś/czegoś to be charmed/impressed by sb/sth- być pod wpływem kogoś/czegoś to be under the influence of sb/sth- prowadzić samochód, będąc pod wpływem alkoholu to drive while under the influence of alcohol- być w ciąży to be pregnant- być w dobrym/złym humorze to be in a good/bad mood- nie być w nastroju do zabawy not to feel like going out a. partying- być w doskonałej formie to be in excellent form a. in fine fettle- być w strachu to be scared- być w rozpaczy to be in despair- bądźmy dobrej myśli let’s hope for the best- jestem przed obiadem I haven’t had my lunch yet- jestem już po śniadaniu I’ve already had breakfast- był siedem lat po studiach he had graduated seven years earlier- być po kielichu/po paru kieliszkach pot. to have had a drop/a few euf.- być na diecie to be on a diet- być na kaszce a. kleiku to be on a diet of gruel- być na emeryturze/rencie to be on a pension- sukienka jest do kolan the dress is knee-length- wody było do kostek the water was ankle-deep- firanka była do połowy okna the net curtain reached halfway down the window- chwila nieuwagi i było po wazonie one unguarded moment and the vase was smashed to pieces- jest już po nim/nas! it’s curtains for him/us! pot.- jeszcze chwila i byłoby po mnie another instant and it would have been curtains for me a. would have been all up with me pot.Ⅱ v aux. 1. (łącznik w orzeczeniu złożonym) to be- być nauczycielem/malarzem to be a teacher/painter- kiedy dorosnę, będę aktorem when I grow up, I’ll be an actor- być Polakiem/Duńczykiem to be Polish/Danish- borsuk jest drapieżnikiem the badger is a predator- nie bądź dzieckiem! don’t be childish a. such a child!- jestem Anna Kowalska I’m Anna Kowalska- „cześć, to ty jesteś Robert?” – „nie, jestem Adam” ‘hi, are you Robert? a. you’re Robert, are you?’ – ‘no, I’m Adam’- co to jest – ma cztery nogi i robi „miau”? what (is it that) has four legs and says ‘miaow’?- była wysoka/niska she was tall/short- jest autorką cenioną przez wszystkich she’s an author appreciated by all a. everybody- mój dziadek był podobno bardzo przystojnym mężczyzną my grandfather is said to have been a very handsome man- wciąż jest taka, jaką była za młodu she’s still her old self- kwiaty były żółte i czerwone the flowers were yellow and red- pizza była całkiem dobra the pizza was quite good- pojemnik był z drewna/plastiku the container was made of wood/plastic- z tych listewek byłby ładny latawiec these slats could make a fine kite- wszystko to były jedynie domysły it was all only conjecture- czyj jest ten samochód? whose car is this?, who does this car belong to?- ta książka jest jej/Adama this book is hers/Adam’s, this is her/Adam’s book- żona była dla niego wszystkim his wife was everything to him- nie naśladuj innych, bądź sobą don’t imitate others, be yourself- ta zupa jest zimna this soup is cold- Maria jest niewidoma Maria is blind- jesteś głodny? are you hungry?- Robert jest żonaty/rozwiedziony Robert is married/divorced- są małżeństwem od dziesięciu lat they’ve been married for ten years- bądź dla niej miły be nice to her- bądź tak dobry a. uprzejmy would you mind- bądź tak miły i otwórz okno would you mind opening the window?- czy byłaby pani uprzejma podać mi sól would you be kind enough a. would you be so kind as to pass me the salt?- nie bądź głupi! don’t be a fool!- cicho bądź! be quiet!- być w kapeluszu/kaloszach/spodniach to be wearing a hat/rubber boots/trousers- była w zielonym żakiecie/czarnym berecie she was wearing a green jacket/black beret, she had a green jacket/black beret on- być za kimś/czymś (opowiadać się) to support sb/sth, to be for sb/sth- byłem za tym, żeby nikomu nic nie mówić I was for not telling anyone anything- dwa razy dwa jest cztery two times two is four2. (w stronie biernej) artykuł jest dobrze napisany the article is well written- ściany pokoju były pomalowane na różowo the walls of the room were painted pink- dzieci, które są maltretowane przez rodziców children who are abused by their parents- tak jest napisane w gazecie that’s what it says in the paper- samochód będzie naprawiony jutro the car will be repaired by tomorrow- to musi być zrobione do czwartku this must be done by Thursday- sukienka była uszyta z czarnej wełenki the dress was made of black wool3. (w czasie przyszłym złożonym) shall, will- będzie pamiętał a. pamiętać tę scenę przez cały życie he will remember this scene all his life- będziemy długo go wspominali a. wspominać we shall a. will long remember him4. przest. (w czasie zaprzeszłym) w Krakowie mieszkał był przed trzema laty he would have been living a. was living in Cracow three years ago 5. (w trybie warunkowym) byłbym napisał a. napisałbym był do ciebie, gdybym znał twój adres I would have written to you, had I known your address a. if I had known your address- co by się było stało, gdyby nie jego pomoc what would have happened if it hadn’t been for his help- byłaby spadła ze schodów (omal nie) she almost fell down the stairs- byłbym zapomniał! zabierz ze sobą śpiwór I almost a. nearly forgot! take a sleeping bag with you6. (w zwrotach nieosobowych) było już późno it was already late- jest dopiero wpół do ósmej it’s only half past seven- nie było co jeść there was nothing to eat- za ciepło będzie ci w tym swetrze you’ll be too hot in this jumper- byłoby przyjemnie zjeść razem obiad it would be nice to have lunch together- wychodzić po zmierzchu było niebezpiecznie it was dangerous going out after dark- nie kupić tego mieszkania będzie niewybaczalnym błędem not to buy that a. the flat would be an inexcusable mistake- z chorym było źle/coraz gorzej the patient was bad/getting worse- z dziadkiem jest nienajlepiej grandfather is poorly- wszystko będzie na niego he’ll get all the blame- żeby nie było na mnie I don’t want to get the blame- na imię było jej Maria her name was Maria- było dobrze po północy it was well after midnight- będzie z godzinę/trzy lata temu an hour or so/some three years ago- będzie kwadrans jak wyszedł he must have left fifteen minutes or so ago, it’s been fifteen minutes or so since he left- do najbliższego sklepu będzie ze trzy kilometry it’s a good three kilometres to the nearest shop- nie ma tu gdzie usiąść there’s nowhere here to sit- w tym mieście na ma dokąd pójść wieczorem there’s nowhere to go at night in this town- nie ma komu posprzątać/zrobić zakupy there’s no-one to clean/to do shopping- nie ma z kim się bawić there’s no-one to play with7. (z czasownikami niewłaściwymi) to be- trzeba było coś z tym zrobić something had to be done about it- trzeba było od razu tak mówić why didn’t you say so in the first place?- czytać można było tylko przy świecach one could read only by candlelight- jest gorzej niż można było przypuszczać it’s worse than might have been expected■ bądź zdrów! (pożegnanie) goodbye!, take care!- być bez forsy/przy forsie pot. to be penniless/flush pot.- być do niczego (bezużyteczny) [osoba, przedmiot] to be useless a. no good; (chory, słaby) [osoba] to be poorly a. out of sorts- być może perhaps, maybe- być może nam się uda perhaps we’ll succeed- być może a. może być, że… it may happen that…- być niczym [osoba] to be a nobody- znałem ją, kiedy jeszcze była nikim I knew her when she was still a nobody- być przy nadziei a. być w poważnym a. odmiennym a. błogosławionym stanie książk. to be in an interesting condition a. in the family way przest.; to have a bun in the oven euf., pot.- było nie było (tak czy owak) when all’s said and done, after all; (niech się dzieje co chce) come what may, be that as it may- było nie było, to już ćwierć wieku od naszego ślubu when all’s said and done a. after all, it’s twenty-five years since we got married- było nie było, idę pogadać z szefem o podwyżce come what may, I’m going to the boss to talk about a rise- było siedzieć w domu/nie pożyczać mu pieniędzy pot. serves you right, you should have stayed at home/shouldn’t have lent him money- było nic mu nie mówić you should have told him nothing- co będzie, to będzie whatever will be, will be- co było, to było let bygones be bygones- co jest? pot. what’s up? pot.- co jest, do jasnej cholery? dlaczego nikt nie otwiera? what the hell’s going on? – why doesn’t anyone open the door? pot.- co jest? przyjacielowi paru groszy żałujesz? what’s wrong? – can’t spare a friend a few pence? pot.- coś w tym jest a. coś w tym musi być there must be something in it- coś w tym musi być, że wszyscy dyrektorzy będą na tym zebraniu there must be something in it, if all the directors are going to the meeting- jakoś to będzie things’ll a. it’ll work out somehow pot.- nie ma co, trzeba brać się do roboty oh well, time to do some work- nie ma co! well, well!- mieszkanie, nie ma co, widne i ustawne well, well, not a bad flat, airy and well laid out- ładnie się spisałeś, nie ma co! iron. well, well, you’ve done it now, haven’t you!- nie ma (to) jak kuchnia domowa/kieliszek zimnej wódki nothing beats a. you can’t beat home cooking/a glass of cold vodka- nie ma (to) jak muzyka klasyczna give me classical music every time- nie ma to jak wakacje! there’s nothing like a holiday!- nie może być! (niedowierzanie) I don’t believe it!, you don’t say!- niech będzie! oh well!- niech ci/wam będzie! have it your own way!- niech mu/jej będzie! let him/her have his/her own way!- niech tak będzie! (zgoda) so be it!- tak jest! (owszem) (that’s) right!- „to jest pańskie ostatnie słowo” – „tak jest, ostatnie” ‘is that your final word?’ – ‘yes, it is’, ‘that’s right’- tak jest, panie pułkowniku/generale! Wojsk. yes, sir!- to jest książk. that is, that is to say- główne gałęzie przemysłu, to jest górnictwo i hutnictwo the main branches of industry, that is (to say) mining and metallurgy* * *(jestem, jesteś); pl jesteśmy; pl jesteście; pl są; imp bądź; pt był, była, byli; sg fut będę; sg fut; będziesz; vijestem! — present!, here!
jest ciepło/zimno — it's warm/cold
jest mi zimno/przykro — I'm cold/sorry
będę pamiętać lub pamiętał — I will remember
co będzie, jeśli nie przyjdą? — what will happen if they don't come?
nie może być! — this lub it can't be!
tak jest! — yes, sir!
jestem za +instr /przeciw być — +dat I am for/against
* * *I.być1ipf.1. (= znajdować się w jakimś stanie l. miejscu) be; (= istnieć) exist, be there; być na diecie be on a diet; być na emeryturze be retired; jestem po robocie I'm finished l. done with work (for today); pewnego razu był sobie król... once upon a time there lived a king...; w ogrodzie były róże there were roses in the garden; w Galaktyce są miliardy gwiazd there are billions of stars in the Galaxy; ile ich jest? how many of them are there?; być w kinie be at the theater; być na wycieczce be on a trip; być w Warszawie be in Warsaw; być u babci na wsi be at grandma's house in the country; być z kimś sam na sam be one on one with sb; od świtu jestem na nogach I have been on my feet all day; Ewa jest na ostatnich nogach Eva is ready to drop l. dead on her feet; jesteś na drodze do zawału you are on the road to a heart attack; wszystko jest na swoim miejscu everything is in its place; to było nie na miejscu that was out of line; być na ustach całego miasteczka be on the lips of everyone in town; być jedną nogą na tamtym świecie have one foot in the grave; co dzisiaj będzie na obiad? what's for supper today?; wszystko jest pod ręką we have everything right at hand; być u steru przen. be at the wheel; no to jestem w domu (= zrozumiałem) that hits home; być w latach l. w leciech be up in one's years; być w sile wieku be in one's prime; być w opałach be in a bind; teraz wszystko jest w twoich rękach now everything is in your hands l. up to you; być w siódmym niebie be in seventh heaven; być w swoim żywiole be in one's element; być na zebraniu be at a meeting; być na wojnie be (fighting) in a war; być na studiach be at college; być na anglistyce be in the English Department; nigdy nie byłem w Chicago I've never been to Chicago; Adam jest pod pantoflem swojej żony Adam is henpecked; być nie w sosie be in a bad mood; jest gaz i woda we have gas and water; jestem takiego samego zdania I'm of the same opinion; jestem dobrej myśli I'm hoping for the best; jest mi u ciebie tak dobrze I feel so good at your place; jest mi głupio I feel stupid; to jest do niczego it's no good; być górą be on top; to nie jest czas po temu this is not the time for that; to nie jest mi na rękę this is inconvenient (for me); to nie jest po mojej myśli that's not what I intended l. what I had in mind; jestem pod wrażeniem I'm impressed; jestem bez pieniędzy I'm broke; jestem w ciąży I'm pregnant; Ewa jest przy nadziei przest. Eva is in the family way; jestem na służbie I'm on duty; byliśmy na spacerze we were taking a walk; dobrze wiesz, że jesteś na mojej łasce you know fully well that you're at my mercy; czy jesteś w stanie mnie zrozumieć? are you able to understand me?; jestem w dobrym humorze I'm in a good mood; byliśmy w kłopocie, co zrobić z... we couldn't figure out what to do with...; Ewa przez moment była w rozterce for a moment Ewa was in a dilemma; Ewa jest z Adamem w przyjaźni Ewa is friends with Adam; po czyjej jesteś stronie? whose side are you on?; Adam jest w porządku Adam is OK l. alright; to nie jest w moim guście that's not my style; jestem na bakier z gramatyką I haven't a clue about grammar; z teściową jestem na złej stopie I'm on bad terms with my mother-in-law; z prezesem jestem na ty I'm on a first name basis with the president; jestem za reformą I'm for the reform; oni są z sobą za pan brat they are on familiar terms; jestem z Ewą po słowie przest. I'm engaged to Eve.2. ( część orzeczenia imiennego) jestem studentem I am a student; byłam piosenkarką I was a singer; będę generałem I will be a general; ta dziewczyna jest ładna that girl is pretty; samochód jest ojca that's father's car; ten długopis nie jest mój this pen isn't mine; bądź zdrów! get well!; jesteś dla mnie niczym! you mean nothing to me; on nie był sobą he wasn't himself; dwa razy dwa jest cztery two plus two is l. equals four.3. ( w zdaniach bezosobowych) (= zdarzać się) jest piękny dzień it's a beautiful day; był kwiecień it was April; było to dość dawno it was l. happened quite a long time ago; był do ciebie telefon you had a call; było już późno it was getting late; nie ma co jeść there's nothing to eat; będzie z godzinę temu, jak... it's been an hour since...; a co będzie ze mną? what will happen to me?; ciekaw jestem, co z niego będzie I'm curious (about) what will become of him; jeżeli tak jest if it is so; być może maybe, perhaps; co będzie, to będzie come what may; co było, to było let bygones be bygones; jakoś to (w końcu) będzie thing's will turn out fine (in the end); co ci jest? what's wrong l. the matter with you?; z tej mąki nie będzie chleba it's hopeless; nie może być that's impossible; jest już po nim it's too late for him; he's done for; he's a goner l. a has-been; co było, a nie jest, nie pisze się w rejestr what's done is done; tak jest! exactly!, precisely!, that's right; wojsk. yes, sir!; to jest (= czyli) that is; było nie było whatever happens; no matter what (happens).II.być2ipf.1. tylko będę będziesz itd. ( w formach czasu przyszłego) will (be); będę pamiętał o tym I'll remember that; dzieci będą w ogrodzie the kids will be in the garden; będziemy śpiewać kolędy we're going to sing carols.2. ( w formach strony biernej) dom był sprzedany za... the house was sold for...; jesteś obserwowany you are being watched; droga jest już naprawiona the road has been repaired.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > być
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8 reichen
I v/i1.[m2]a) (sich räumlich erstrecken) reichen bis reach (to); hinauf: reach ( oder come) up to; hinab: reach ( oder go) down to; sie reicht ihm bis zur Schulter she only comes up to his shoulder; das Wasser reichte ihm bis zu den Schultern the water was ( oder came) up to his shoulders; der Garten reicht bis zum Fluss the garden stretches as far as ( oder down to) the river; heranreichen, herankommen;2.a) (ausreichen, genügen, langen) be enough; die Zeit wird nicht reichen there won’t be enough time; das Geld reicht / reicht nicht the money is / isn’t ( oder will / won’t be) enough, there is / isn’t ( oder will / won’t be) enough money; das Geld muss noch eine Woche reichen the money has got to last another week; das Gehalt reicht kaum zum Leben the salary is barely enough to live on ( oder to make ends meet), you can barely live off a salary like that; der Kaffee reicht nicht übers Wochenende there isn’t enough coffee to see us through the weekend ( oder to last us the weekend); der Kuchen soll für sechs Leute reichen there’s got to be enough cake for six people; es reicht für alle there’s enough to go (a)round ( oder for everyone); das Licht reicht nicht zum Lesen there isn’t enough light to read by, you can’t read in that light; dazu reicht meine Geduld nicht I haven’t got the patience for that (kind of thing); es waren Hunderte da - das reicht noch gar nicht it was a lot more than that; das reicht! that’ll do; rügend: auch that’s enough (of that)!; mir reicht’s! umg. I’ve had enough; jetzt reicht’s mir aber! umg. that’s done it, that’s it now;b) mit etw. reichen umg. (auskommen) have enough of s.th. allg.; mit dem Essen / dem Geld / der Zeit reichen have enough food / money / time; siehe auch auskommen 1, ausreichenII v/t (an-, darbieten) offer; (Essen) serve; (Abendmahl) administer, give; (geben) hand, pass; jemandem etw. reichen hand ( oder pass, give) s.o. s.th.; reichst du mir bitte das Salz? could you pass (me) the salt, please?; nach dem Essen wurden Getränke gereicht after the meal drinks were served; ( jemandem) die Hand reichen hold out one’s hand (to s.o.); sich die Hände reichen shake hands* * *(geben) to hand; to give; to pass;(genügen) to be enough* * *rei|chen ['raiçn]1. vi1) (= sich erstrecken) to stretch, to extend (bis zu to), to reach (bis zu etw sth); (Stimme) to carry (bis zu to), to reach (bis zu jdm/etw sb/sth); (Kleidungsstück) to reach (bis zu etw sth)sein Swimmingpool reicht bis an mein Grundstück — his swimming pool comes right up to my land
der Garten reicht bis ans Ufer — the garden stretches or extends or goes right down to the riverbank
jdm bis zur Schulter réíchen — to come up to sb's shoulder
er reicht mit dem Kopf bis zur Decke — his head reaches or touches the ceiling
so weit der Himmel reichte — in the whole sky
so weit réíchen meine Beziehungen nicht — my connections are not that extensive
so weit réíchen meine Fähigkeiten nicht — my skills are not that wide-ranging
... aber sein Arm reichte nicht so weit —
so weit das Auge reicht — as far as the eye can see
der Saal reicht nicht für so viele Leute — the room isn't big enough or won't suffice (form) for so many people
der Zucker reicht nicht — there won't be enough sugar
reicht mein Geld noch bis zum Monatsende? — will my money last until the end of the month?
reicht das Licht zum Lesen? — is there enough light to read by?
dazu réíchen meine Fähigkeiten nicht — I'm not skilled enough for that
das muss für vier Leute réíchen — that will have to be enough or to suffice (form) or to do (inf) for four people
das sollte eigentlich réíchen — that should be enough, that should do (inf)
als das dann noch passierte, reichte es ihm — when that happened it was just too much for him
jetzt reichts (mir aber)! — that's the last straw!
das reicht ja, um den Geduldigsten aus der Fassung zu bringen! — it's enough to try the patience of a saint!
es reichte ja schon, dass er faul war — it was bad enough that he was lazy, his being lazy was bad enough
3) (inf)mit dem Essen/der Zeit etc réíchen — to have enough food/time etc
2. vt(= entgegenhalten) to hand; (= geben auch) to give; (= herüberreichen, hinüberreichen auch) to pass (over); (= anbieten) to serve; (ECCL ) Abendmahl to give, to administerjdm etw réíchen — to hand/give/pass sb sth, to hand/give/pass sth to sb
sie reichte mir die Wange zum Kuss — she proffered her cheek for a kiss
jdm die Hand réíchen — to hold out one's hand to sb; (fig) to extend the hand of friendship to sb
sich die Hände réíchen — to join hands; (zur Begrüßung) to shake hands
* * *1) (to go from one place to another: Sound carries better over water.) carry2) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) reach* * *rei·chen[ˈraiçn̩]I. vi1. (ausreichend, genug sein) to be enough [or sufficient]die Vorräte \reichen noch Monate the stores will last for months stillder Zucker muss noch bis Montag \reichen the sugar must last till Mondayreicht das Licht zum Lesen? is there enough light to read by?dazu reicht meine Geduld nicht I haven't got enough patiencedazu \reichen meine Fähigkeiten nicht I'm not skilled enough for thatdas sollte eigentlich für vier Personen \reichen that should be enough [or fam should do] for four peopledas Geld wird uns nicht \reichen we haven't got enough money▪ es reicht [jdm] it's enough [for sb]es müsste eigentlich \reichen it really ought to be enoughnoch etwas Püree? — danke, es reicht vollauf fancy any more mash? — no thanks, this plentydanke, es reicht! that's enough, thank you!muss es jetzt sein, reicht es nicht, wenn ich es morgen mache? does it have to be now, won't tomorrow do?2. (auskommen)damit müssen wir \reichen we'll have to make it lastmit dem Brot/Geld [nicht] \reichen to [not] have enough bread/moneymit der Zeit \reichen to have enough time3. (überdrüssig sein)▪ etw reicht jdm sth is enough for sbjetzt reicht's [mir] [aber]! that's the last straw! famals das dann noch passiert ist, hat es ihr gereicht when that happened it was just too much for hersolche ständigen Frechheiten hätten mir schon lange gereicht if that was me, I wouldn't have put up with such cheek for all that time▪ es reicht [jdm], dass/wie... it's enough [for sb] that/how...langsam reicht es mir, wie du dich immer benimmst! I'm beginning to get fed up with the way you always behave!4. (sich erstrecken, gehen)meine Ländereien \reichen von hier bis zum Horizont my estates stretch from here to the horizonder Park reicht bis ans Ufer the park stretches [or extends] [or goes right down] to the riverbankdie Ärmel \reichen mir nur bis knapp über die Ellenbogen the sleeves only just reach over my elbowsdas Wasser reicht mir bis zum Hals the water comes up to my neckso weit \reichen meine Beziehungen nicht my connections are not that extensivebis zum Horizont \reichen to extend [or stretch] to the horizonwenn ich mich strecke, reiche ich mit der Hand gerade bis oben hin if I stretch I can just reach the toper reicht mit dem Kopf bis zur Decke his head touches the ceilingdas Kabel reicht nicht ganz bis zur Steckdose the lead doesn't quite reach to the plug; s.a. Auge1. (geben)▪ jdm etw \reichen to give [or hand] [or pass] sb sthwürdest du mir bitte mal das Brot \reichen? would you be so kind as to pass me the bread please?jdm Feuer \reichen to give sb a lightsie reichte mir die Wange zum Kuss she proffered her cheek for a kissjdm die Hand \reichen to hold out one's hand [to sb]3. (servieren)▪ [jdm] etw \reichen to serve [sb] sthes wurde Champagner gereicht champagne was served\reichen Sie das Lamm mit neuen Kartoffeln und grünen Bohnen serve the lamb with new potatoes and green beans* * *1.intransitives Verb1) (ausreichen) be enoughdas Geld reicht nicht — I/we etc. haven't got enough money
danke, das reicht — that's enough, thank you
2) (sich erstrecken) reach; <forest, fields, etc.> extend3) (ugs.) s. auskommen 1)2.transitives Verb (geh.)1) pass; handsich (Dat.) die Hand reichen — shake hands
2) (servieren) serve <food, drink>* * *A. v/i1. (sich räumlich erstrecken)sie reicht ihm bis zur Schulter she only comes up to his shoulder;das Wasser reichte ihm bis zu den Schultern the water was ( oder came) up to his shoulders;der Garten reicht bis zum Fluss the garden stretches as far as ( oder down to) the river; → heranreichen, herankommen;(sich zeitlich erstrecken)die Zeit wird nicht reichen there won’t be enough time;das Geld reicht/reicht nicht the money is/isn’t ( oder will/won’t be) enough, there is/isn’t ( oder will/won’t be) enough money;das Geld muss noch eine Woche reichen the money has got to last another week;das Gehalt reicht kaum zum Leben the salary is barely enough to live on ( oder to make ends meet), you can barely live off a salary like that;der Kaffee reicht nicht übers Wochenende there isn’t enough coffee to see us through the weekend ( oder to last us the weekend);der Kuchen soll für sechs Leute reichen there’s got to be enough cake for six people;es reicht für alle there’s enough to go (a)round ( oder for everyone);das Licht reicht nicht zum Lesen there isn’t enough light to read by, you can’t read in that light;dazu reicht meine Geduld nicht I haven’t got the patience for that (kind of thing);- das reicht noch gar nicht it was a lot more than that;das reicht! that’ll do; rügend: auch that’s enough (of that)!;mir reicht’s! umg I’ve had enough;jetzt reicht’s mir aber! umg that’s done it, that’s it now;3.nach etwas reichen (greifen) reach for sthjemandem etwas reichen hand ( oder pass, give) sb sth;reichst du mir bitte das Salz? could you pass (me) the salt, please?;nach dem Essen wurden Getränke gereicht after the meal drinks were served;(jemandem) die Hand reichen hold out one’s hand (to sb);sich die Hände reichen shake hands* * *1.intransitives Verb1) (ausreichen) be enoughdas Geld reicht nicht — I/we etc. haven't got enough money
danke, das reicht — that's enough, thank you
2) (sich erstrecken) reach; <forest, fields, etc.> extend3) (ugs.) s. auskommen 1)2.transitives Verb (geh.)1) pass; handsich (Dat.) die Hand reichen — shake hands
2) (servieren) serve <food, drink>* * *v.to hand v. -
9 escurrir
v.1 to drain (platos, verdura).2 to drip.deja los platos a escurrir leave the dishes to drain3 to slide.una lágrima escurrió por su mejilla a tear slid down her cheek* * *1 (destilar) to drip, trickle2 (deslizar) to slip, slide1 (platos etc) to drain2 (líquido) to drip, trickle3 (deslizarse) to slip, slide5 familiar (decir demasiado) to let slip\escurrir el bulto familiar to dodge the issue* * *verb* * *1.VT [+ ropa] to wring, wring out; [+ platos, líquido, botella] to drain; [+ verduras] to strain2.VI [líquido] to drip3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo < ropa> to wring out, wring; <verduras/pasta> to strain, drain; <líquido/vaso> to drain2.escurrir vi to drain3.escurrirse v pron1)a) líquidodéjalas en una servilleta de papel para que se escurra el aceite — leave them to drain on some kitchen paper
b) verduras/vajilla to drain2)a) (fam) (escaparse, escabullirse) to slip awayescurrirse de algo — to wriggle o get out of something
b) (resbalarse, deslizarse) to slip* * *= drain away, drain off, drain, strain, wring.Ex. As the water was draining away between the wires of the sieve, he gave the mould a sideways shake locking the fibres together and 'shutting' the sheet.Ex. When removed from the sink the items were left to drain off for half an hour at room temperature, then packaged in polythene in separate bundles and placed in a domestic refrigerator for 7 weeks.Ex. The garden had obviously been flooded with sea-water although now it was all drained.Ex. Sampling for immature stages of mosquito was done weekly between May 1999 and January 2000 by straining them from the water in ravines and gutters.Ex. The statue depicted a nymph coming out of the water and wringing her wet hair.----* escurrir el bulto = pass + the buck, weasel (on/out of), duck out.* sin escurrir = undrained.* * *1.verbo transitivo < ropa> to wring out, wring; <verduras/pasta> to strain, drain; <líquido/vaso> to drain2.escurrir vi to drain3.escurrirse v pron1)a) líquidodéjalas en una servilleta de papel para que se escurra el aceite — leave them to drain on some kitchen paper
b) verduras/vajilla to drain2)a) (fam) (escaparse, escabullirse) to slip awayescurrirse de algo — to wriggle o get out of something
b) (resbalarse, deslizarse) to slip* * *= drain away, drain off, drain, strain, wring.Ex: As the water was draining away between the wires of the sieve, he gave the mould a sideways shake locking the fibres together and 'shutting' the sheet.
Ex: When removed from the sink the items were left to drain off for half an hour at room temperature, then packaged in polythene in separate bundles and placed in a domestic refrigerator for 7 weeks.Ex: The garden had obviously been flooded with sea-water although now it was all drained.Ex: Sampling for immature stages of mosquito was done weekly between May 1999 and January 2000 by straining them from the water in ravines and gutters.Ex: The statue depicted a nymph coming out of the water and wringing her wet hair.* escurrir el bulto = pass + the buck, weasel (on/out of), duck out.* sin escurrir = undrained.* * *escurrir [I1 ]vt1 ‹ropa› to wring out, wring2 ‹verduras› to strain, drain; ‹pasta› to drain3 ‹líquido› to drain, drain off4 ‹botella/jarra› to drain, get the last drops out of5 ‹buñuelos/pescado› to drain■ escurrirvideja los platos ahí para que escurran leave the plates there to draindejé escurrir la camisa I left the shirt to drip-drypon la botella boca abajo para que escurra turn the bottle upside down to drain out the last few dropsA1«líquido»: cuelga la camisa para que se vaya escurriendo el agua hang the shirt out to drip-drydéjalas en una servilleta de papel para que se escurra el aceite leave them to drain on some kitchen paper2 «verduras» to drainB1 ( fam) (escaparse, escabullirse) to slip awayintentaré escurrirme de la fiesta I'll try to slip away from the partyle pusimos una trampa pero logró escurrirse we laid a trap for him but he managed to wriggle o get out of it2 (resbalarse, deslizarse) to slipel vaso/jabón se le escurrió de (entre) las manos the glass/soap slipped through her fingersse fue escurriendo entre la multitud she slipped through the crowdme estoy escurriendo de la silla I keep sliding off this chair* * *
escurrir ( conjugate escurrir) verbo transitivo ‹ ropa› to wring out, wring;
‹verduras/pasta› to strain, drain;
‹ líquido› to drain (off)
verbo intransitivo
to drain;
‹ camisa› to leave … to drip-dry
escurrirse verbo pronominal
1a) [ líquido]:
2
escurrirse de algo to wriggle o get out of sth
escurrir vtr (ropa) to wring out
(vajilla) to drain
♦ Locuciones: escurrir el bulto, to dodge the issue
' escurrir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bulto
- estilar
- estrujar
English:
drain
- pass
- strain
- wring
- wring out
- skive off
* * *♦ vt1. [platos] to drain;[verdura, pasta] to drain; [huevos fritos, pescado] to drain the fat off; [ropa] to wring out;escúrrele el líquido a la lata de atún drain the liquid from the can of tuna;Famescurrir el bulto [trabajo] to get out of it;[cuestión] to evade the issue2. [botella] to empty (out)♦ vi1. [soltar líquido] to drain;[gotear] to drip;deja los platos a escurrir leave the dishes to drain;deja aquí el paraguas para que vaya escurriendo leave the umbrella here so it can dry off2. [resbalar] to slide;una lágrima escurrió por su mejilla a tear slid down her cheek3. [estar resbaladizo] to be slippery* * *I v/t1 ropa wring outII v/i1 de platos drain2 de ropa drip-dry* * *escurrir vt1) : to wring out2) : to drainescurrir vi1) : to drain2) : to drip, to drip-dry* * *escurrir vb2. (platos, verduras) to drain¿has escurrido la pasta? have you drained the pasta? -
10 mojar
v.1 to wet.2 to get wet, to dip in water, to damp, to moisten.* * *1 (gen) to wet2 (humedecer) to dampen3 (alimento) to dip, dunk4 (cama) to wet1 to get wet2 familiar (comprometerse) to commit oneself, get involved* * *verb* * *1. VT1) [involuntariamente] to get wet; [voluntariamente] to wet; (=humedecer) to damp(en), moisten; (=empapar) to drench, soak¡no mojes la alfombra! — don't get the carpet wet!
mojar la ropa en agua — to soak o steep the washing in water
2) (=meter) to dipmojar el pan en el café — to dip o dunk one's bread in one's coffee
3) * [+ triunfo] to celebrate with a drink4)- mojarla5) (Ling) to palatalize6) (=apuñalar) to stab2.VImojar en — (=hacer pinitos) to dabble in; (=entrometerse) to meddle o get involved in
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <suelo/papel/pelo> ( accidentalmente) to get o make... wet; ( a propósito) to wetaún moja la cama — (euf) he still wets the bed
b) ( sumergiendo) <galleta/bizcocho> to dip, dunk (colloq)no moja pero empapa — (Ven fam) he's/she's a wolf in sheep's clothing
2) (fam) ( celebrar)2.mojarse v prona) persona/ropa/suelo to get wetb) <pelo/pies> ( a propósito) to wet; ( accidentalmente) to get... wetc) ( orinarse)* * *= wet, dab, damp, dip, douse.Ex. In the future pictures may need not be wetted at all.Ex. Meanwhile the other man got the ink ready -- it was simply a black oil paint -- and dabbed it over the face of the type when the press was open.Ex. Type was thrust deep into roughish paper which had been softened by damping.Ex. Two sheets were made each time the two-sheet mould was dipped by the maker into the vat, and they were turned out together on to a single felt by the coucher.Ex. Iran has imported high-tech armored anti-riot vehicles equipped with water cannons that can douse people with boiling water or tear gas.----* mojar con la lengua = lick.* mojarle la oreja a = knock + spots off + Nombre.* mojarle la oreja a Alguien = outdo, outrun [out-run], trump.* mojarse = get + involved with/in, implicate + Reflexivo.* mojarse el culo = get + involved with/in, implicate + Reflexivo.* quien quiera peces que se moje el culo = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.* salsa para mojar = dip, dipping sauce.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <suelo/papel/pelo> ( accidentalmente) to get o make... wet; ( a propósito) to wetaún moja la cama — (euf) he still wets the bed
b) ( sumergiendo) <galleta/bizcocho> to dip, dunk (colloq)no moja pero empapa — (Ven fam) he's/she's a wolf in sheep's clothing
2) (fam) ( celebrar)2.mojarse v prona) persona/ropa/suelo to get wetb) <pelo/pies> ( a propósito) to wet; ( accidentalmente) to get... wetc) ( orinarse)* * *= wet, dab, damp, dip, douse.Ex: In the future pictures may need not be wetted at all.
Ex: Meanwhile the other man got the ink ready -- it was simply a black oil paint -- and dabbed it over the face of the type when the press was open.Ex: Type was thrust deep into roughish paper which had been softened by damping.Ex: Two sheets were made each time the two-sheet mould was dipped by the maker into the vat, and they were turned out together on to a single felt by the coucher.Ex: Iran has imported high-tech armored anti-riot vehicles equipped with water cannons that can douse people with boiling water or tear gas.* mojar con la lengua = lick.* mojarle la oreja a = knock + spots off + Nombre.* mojarle la oreja a Alguien = outdo, outrun [out-run], trump.* mojarse = get + involved with/in, implicate + Reflexivo.* mojarse el culo = get + involved with/in, implicate + Reflexivo.* quien quiera peces que se moje el culo = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.* salsa para mojar = dip, dipping sauce.* * *mojar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹suelo/papel/pelo› (accidentalmente) to get o make … wet; (a propósito) to wettiró el vaso de agua y mojó el mantel he knocked over the glass of water and got o made the tablecloth (all) wetmoja un poco la toalla dampen o wet the towel a littlepasó un coche y me mojó a car went by and splashed me¡no me mojes! don't get me wet!, don't splash ( o soak etc) me!aún moja la cama ( euf); he still wets the bedmoja la gasa con colonia moisten the gauze with colognemojar el bizcocho con jerez soak the sponge in sherry2 (sumergiendo) ‹galleta/bizcocho› to dip, dunk ( colloq)mojó la pluma en el tintero she dipped the pen in the inkwellmojé el pan en la salsa I dipped the bread in the sauceB ( fam)■ mojarse1 «persona/ropa/suelo» to get wetse me mojaron los zapatos my shoes got wetme mojé toda I got wet through o drenched o soaked2 ‹pelo/pies› (a propósito) to wet; (accidentalmente) to get … wetmójate el pelo si quieres que te lo corte wet your hair first if you want me to cut itme mojé los pies my feet got wet, I got my feet wet3(orinarse): cámbiale el pañal a la niña porque se mojó change the baby's diaper ( AmE) o ( BrE) nappy, she's wetse mojó en los pantalones he wet his pants* * *
mojar ( conjugate mojar) verbo transitivo
( a propósito) to wet;
mojar la cama (euf) to wet the bed
mojarse verbo pronominal
me mojé toda I got soaked
( accidentalmente) to get … wet
mojar verbo transitivo
1 to wet
2 (en la leche, el café, etc) to dip, dunk
3 fam (celebrar) vamos a mojar este éxito, let's go and celebrate this success with a drink
' mojar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caldo
- empapar
English:
douse
- dunk
- wet
- dampen
- dip
* * *♦ vt1. [con líquido] to wet;[humedecer] to moisten;la lluvia nos mojó de pies a cabeza we got soaked through in the rain;moje bien el trapo antes de limpiar la ventana wet the cloth thoroughly before using it to clean the window;moje la parte de atrás de la etiqueta con la lengua moisten the back of the label with your tongue;el niño ya no moja la cama the boy doesn't wet his bed any more2. [comida] to dunk;moja el pan en la salsa dip your bread in the sauceesta victoria hay que mojarla we'll have to celebrate this win with a drink♦ vimuy Fam [copular] to get one's rocks off* * *v/t2 galleta dunk, dip* * *mojar vt1) : to wet, to moisten2) : to dunk* * *mojar vb -
11 jusque
jusque [ʒysk(ə)]• ils sont montés jusqu'à 2 000 mètres they climbed up to 2,000 metres• jusqu'à cinq ans, il a vécu à la campagne he lived in the country until he was fived. ( = y compris) even• jusqu'où ? how far?• jusqu'à quand ? until when?• j'en ai jusque-là ! I'm sick and tired of it!• il faudra le lui répéter jusqu'à ce qu'il ait compris you'll have to keep on telling him until he understands* * *
1.
( jusqu' before vowel) ʒysk préposition1) ( dans l'espace)aller jusqu'à Paris/jusqu'en Amérique — ( insistant sur la destination atteinte) to go as far as Paris/America; ( insistant sur la distance parcourue) to go all the way to Paris/America
courir jusqu'au bout du jardin — to run right down to the bottom of the garden GB ou the end of the yard US
suivre quelqu'un jusque dans sa chambre — to follow somebody right into his/her room
ils l'ont suivi jusque chez lui — they followed him all the way home ou right up to his front door
descendre jusqu'à 100 mètres de profondeur — to go down to a depth of 100 metres [BrE]
jusqu'où comptez-vous aller? — lit, fig how far do you intend to go?
2) ( dans le temps) until, tillje t'ai attendu jusqu'à huit heures — I waited for you until ou till eight o'clock
jusqu'à présent or maintenant, jusqu'ici — (up) until now
3) ( limite supérieure) up to; ( limite inférieure) down toje le suivrai jusqu'au bout — fig I'll follow him all the way
4) ( avec une notion d'exagération) to the point of5) ( y compris) evendes détritus jusque sous la table — rubbish everywhere, even under the table
ils sont venus, jusqu'au dernier — every last one of them came
2.
jusqu'à ce que locution conjonctive until* * *ʒysk prép1) (endroit) as far as, toJe l'ai raccompagnée jusque chez elle. — I went with her as far as her house.
2) (moment)3) (limite)jusque sous; Il y avait du sable jusque sous le lit. — There was even sand under the bed.
Ils ont creusé jusque sous les immeubles du centre-ville pour retrouver des traces de cette abbaye. — They even dug under city-centre buildings in search of the remains of this abbey.
jusque dans; Ils ont fouillé jusque dans nos armoires. — They even searched our wardrobes.
* * *jusque (jusqu' before vowel)A prép1 ( dans l'espace) aller jusqu'à Paris/jusqu'en Amérique ( insistant sur la destination atteinte) to go as far as Paris/America; ( insistant sur la distance parcourue) to go all the way to Paris/America; courir jusqu'au bout du jardin to run right down to the bottom of the garden GB ou the end of the yard US; suivre qn jusque dans sa chambre to follow sb right into his/her room; il a marché jusqu'à moi he walked right up to me; la nouvelle n'était pas officiellement arrivée jusqu'à nous the news hadn't reached us officially; ils l'ont suivi jusque chez lui they followed him all the way home ou right up to his front door; descendre jusqu'à 100 mètres de profondeur to go down to a depth of 100 metresGB; jusqu' où comptez- vous aller? lit, fig how far do you intend to go?;2 ( dans le temps) until, till; je t'ai attendu jusqu'à huit heures I waited for you until ou till eight o'clock; jusque vers (les) dix heures until ou till about ten o'clock; ne bougez pas jusqu'à mon retour don't move until ou till I get back; jusqu'alors until then; jusqu'à présent or maintenant, jusqu'ici (up) until now; jusqu'à ce jour tout s'était bien passé (up) until that day everything had gone well; jusqu'au dernier moment up to ou until ou till the last moment; jusqu'à l'âge de 10 ans il n'a pas fréquenté l'école until he was 10 (years old) he didn't go to school; jusqu'à quand restes-tu à Oxford? how long are you staying in Oxford?; laisser mijoter jusqu'à évaporation complète de l'eau leave to simmer until all the water has evaporated;3 ( limite supérieure) up to; ( limite inférieure) down to; il peut soulever jusqu'à dix kilos he can lift up to ten kilos; cela peut coûter jusqu'à 200 euros par personne it can cost up to 200 euros per person; transport gratuit jusqu'à 10 ans free transport up to the age of 10; avoir de l'eau jusqu'aux chevilles/cuisses to be up to one's ankles/thighs in water, to be ankle-/thigh-deep in water; un repli du dollar qui descend jusqu'à 0,89 euro a fall in the dollar which has gone down to 0.89 euro; je le suivrai jusqu'au bout fig I'll follow him all the way;4 ( avec une notion d'exagération) to the point of; pousser la cruauté jusqu'au sadisme to carry cruelty to the point of sadism, to be so cruel as to be sadistic; être poli jusqu'à l'obséquiosité to be polite to the point of obsequiousness, to be so polite as to be obsequious; il est bien trop bon, jusqu'à la bêtise he's too nice for his own good; jusqu'à faire to the point ou extent of doing; aller jusqu'à faire to go so far as to do;5 ( y compris) even; l'épidémie s'est répandue jusque dans les régions les plus reculées the epidemic spread to even the most remote regions; jusqu'à ses amis ont refusé de lui parler even his friends refused to speak to him; il y avait des détritus jusque sous la table/derrière la porte there was rubbish everywhere, even under the table/behind the door; ils sont venus, jusqu'au dernier every last one of them came; il a repeint toute la pièce, jusqu'aux boutons de porte he repainted the whole room, right down to the door knobs.B jusqu'à ce que loc conj until; je reste toujours jusqu'à ce qu'il s'endorme I always stay until he is asleep; je reste jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit rétablie I'll stay until she has recovered; je suis resté jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit rétablie I stayed until she had recovered.[ʒyskə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet jusqu' [ʒysk], littéraire devant voyelle jusques [ʒyskə]) préposition1. [dans l'espace] (suivi d'une preposition)jusqu'où peut aller la bêtise/cruauté! (just) how stupid/cruel can people be!2. (suivi d'une preposition) [dans le temps]j'attendrai jusque vers 11 h I'll wait till ou until about 11 o'clockjusqu'alors (up) until ou till then3. [même, y compris] even————————jusqu'à locution prépositionnelle1. [dans l'espace]le sous-marin peut plonger jusqu'à 3 000 m de profondeur the submarine can dive (down) to 3,000 m2. [dans le temps] until3. [indiquant le degré]jusqu'à quel point peut-on lui faire confiance? to what extent ou how far can we trust him?jusqu'à concurrence de 3 000 euros up to 3,000 euros maximum, up to (a limit of) 3,000 eurosil nous aura embêtés jusqu'à la fin ou la gauche (familier) ! he will have been a nuisance to us (right) to the bitter end!4. [même, y compris] evenil a mangé tous les bonbons jusqu'au dernier he's eaten all the sweets (down to the last one), he's eaten every last ou single sweetjusqu'à ce que locution conjonctivejusqu'au moment où locution conjonctiveje t'ai attendu jusqu'au moment où j'ai dû partir pour mon rendez-vous I waited for you until I had to go to my meeting————————jusque-là locution adverbialejusque-là, tout va bien so far so good2. [dans l'espace]je n'ai pas encore lu jusque-là I haven't got ou read that far yetj'en ai jusque-là de tes caprices! (familier) I've had it up to here with your whims!, I'm sick and tired of your whims!————————jusqu'ici locution adverbialeje ne suis pas venu jusqu'ici pour rien! I haven't come all this way ou as far as this for nothing! -
12 introducir
v.1 to put in, to insert (meter) (llave, carta).introduzca su número secreto enter your PIN number2 to bring in, to introduce.una banda que introduce droga en el país a gang smuggling drugs into the countryElla introdujo la madera She introduced=inserted the wood.Ella introdujo a la nueva secretaria She introduced the new secretary.Ella introdujo la nueva técnica She introduced the new technique.Ella introdujo su nuevo producto She introduced her new product.Ella introdujo al plomero She introduced=ushered in the plumber.3 to enter, to type in.El chico introdujo los datos The boy entered=typed in the data.4 to slip in.5 to be inserted in, to be introduced in.Se te introduce una aguja A needle is inserted in you.* * *2 (meter) to put, place; (insertar) insert■ el domador introduce su cabeza en las fauces del león the lion tamer puts his head in the lion's mouth3 (importar) to bring in, import; (clandestinamente) to smuggle in1 (entrar) to go in, get in, enter\introducir modificaciones/novedades/cambios en algo to modify something, make changes to something* * *verb1) to introduce2) insert3) input, insert* * *1. VT1) (=meter)a) [+ mano, pie] to put, place (en in(to))[+ moneda, llave] to put, insert (en in(to))introdujo los pies en el agua — he put o placed his feet in(to) the water
introduzca la moneda/el disquete en la ranura — insert the coin/the diskette in(to) the slot
b) [+ enfermedad, mercancías] to bring (en into)introduce (en into) [+ contrabando, droga] to bring (en in(to))cualquier animal puede introducir la rabia en el país — any animal could bring o introduce rabies into the country
esa bebida hace ya años que se introdujo en España — that drink was introduced in Spain o was brought onto the Spanish market years ago
introducir algo en el mercado — to bring sth onto the market, introduce sth into the market
c)introducir a algn en — [+ habitación] to show sb into; [+ situación real] to introduce sb to; [+ situación irreal] to transport sb to
la novela nos introduce en el Egipto de Cleopatra — the novel takes us back to the Egypt of Cleopatra
2) (=empezar) [+ cultivo, ley, método] to introducepoco a poco se fueron introduciendo las tradiciones árabes — Arab traditions were gradually introduced
para introducir el tema, empezaré hablando de política exterior — to introduce the subject, I'll begin by discussing foreign policy
introducir la ley del divorcio causó muchos problemas — the introduction of the divorce law caused many problems, introducing the divorce law was very problematic
3) (=realizar) [+ medidas, reformas] to bring in, introducequieren introducir cambios en la legislación — they want to make changes to the current legislation, they want to introduce changes into the current legislation
las reformas se introducirán gradualmente a lo largo de los próximos tres años — the reforms will be phased in over the next three years, the reforms will be brought in o introduced gradually over the next three years
se deben introducir mejoras en el diseño del folleto — improvements need to be made to the pamphlet design
4) (Inform) [+ datos] to input, enter2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <llave/moneda> to insertintrodujo la papeleta en la urna — he put his ballot paper in o into the ballot box
2)a) <cambios/medidas/ley> to introduce, bring inintroducir un nuevo producto en el mercado — to introduce a new product into o bring a new product onto the market
b) <contrabando/drogas> to bring in, smuggle inun solo perro podría introducir la enfermedad en el país — a single dog could bring o introduce the disease into the country
3)a) (presentar, iniciar) to introduceb) < persona> ( a una actividad)c) ( en un ambiente)2.el escritor nos introduce en la Francia del siglo pasado — the writer takes us back to the France of the last century
introducirse v prona) ( meterse)b) persona to gain access tose introdujeron en el banco por un túnel — they gained access to o got into the bank via a tunnel
c) ( entrar en uso) modato come ind) ( hacerse conocido) to become known* * *= enter, feed, input, insert, introduce, key in, load into, put in, put into, read in, usher in, inaugurate, carry in, slip in between, roll out.Ex. Entry of an 'e' for end will bring back the screen shown in Figure 23 where you can make another choice or enter 'e' for end.Ex. The computer merely needs to be fed with the source documents and their citation, and with the appropriate software, will generate the indexes.Ex. Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.Ex. Gaps are left in the apportionment of notation in order to permit new subjects to be inserted.Ex. The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex. The advantage is that information does not have to be keyed in.Ex. Multiple copies of the catalogue or index in the conventional sense are not required, but the data base can be copied and loaded into various computer systems.Ex. For those of you who are not familiar with OCLC and the way we work the data base is not a vast receptacle into which we throw any kind of record that anybody wants to put in.Ex. If the bibliographic record is found, it can be put into the system catalog immediately.Ex. Light pens can be used to read in data from bar codes on borrowers' cards, books, records, audio-visual materials.Ex. Optical technology has ushered in a new phase in the storage and retrieval of information.Ex. In the beginning staff delivered books to readers in their homes, while in 1972 a mobile library service was inaugurated enabling readers to choose their own materials.Ex. The first printing presses had two moving parts: the carriage assembly, which carried the type and paper in and out of the press, and the impression assembly, by means of which the paper was pressed down on to the inked type.Ex. At all periods, but uncommonly before the eighteenth century, the lines of type might be 'leaded', thin strips of typemetal, reglet, or card being slipped in between each one.Ex. I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.----* introducir a golpes = hammer into.* introducir Algo/Alguien en = usher + Nombre + into.* introducir Algo en = take + Nombre + into.* introducir arrastrando = haul in.* introducir datos = key + data.* introducir datos en el ordenador = input.* introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.* introducir de contrabando = smuggle in.* introducir de nuevo = re-enter [reenter].* introducir en = merge into.* introducir escalonadamente = spiral.* introducir gradualmente = phase in.* introducir ilegalmente = smuggle in.* introducir información = provide + input.* introducir mediante el teclado = keyboard.* introducir mejoras = make + improvements.* introducir poco a poco a = filter through to.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* introducir progresivamente = spiral.* introducirse = creep (up) (in/into), enter into, make + Posesivo + way (into/onto).* introducirse completamente en = immerse + Reflexivo + in.* introducirse en = insinuate + Posesivo + way through, insinuate + Reflexivo + (into), insinuate into.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* introducirse sigilosamente = creep up on.* introducir tirando = haul in.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* volver a introducir = re-enter [reenter], reintroduce, reinsert.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <llave/moneda> to insertintrodujo la papeleta en la urna — he put his ballot paper in o into the ballot box
2)a) <cambios/medidas/ley> to introduce, bring inintroducir un nuevo producto en el mercado — to introduce a new product into o bring a new product onto the market
b) <contrabando/drogas> to bring in, smuggle inun solo perro podría introducir la enfermedad en el país — a single dog could bring o introduce the disease into the country
3)a) (presentar, iniciar) to introduceb) < persona> ( a una actividad)c) ( en un ambiente)2.el escritor nos introduce en la Francia del siglo pasado — the writer takes us back to the France of the last century
introducirse v prona) ( meterse)b) persona to gain access tose introdujeron en el banco por un túnel — they gained access to o got into the bank via a tunnel
c) ( entrar en uso) modato come ind) ( hacerse conocido) to become known* * *= enter, feed, input, insert, introduce, key in, load into, put in, put into, read in, usher in, inaugurate, carry in, slip in between, roll out.Ex: Entry of an 'e' for end will bring back the screen shown in Figure 23 where you can make another choice or enter 'e' for end.
Ex: The computer merely needs to be fed with the source documents and their citation, and with the appropriate software, will generate the indexes.Ex: Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.Ex: Gaps are left in the apportionment of notation in order to permit new subjects to be inserted.Ex: The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.Ex: The advantage is that information does not have to be keyed in.Ex: Multiple copies of the catalogue or index in the conventional sense are not required, but the data base can be copied and loaded into various computer systems.Ex: For those of you who are not familiar with OCLC and the way we work the data base is not a vast receptacle into which we throw any kind of record that anybody wants to put in.Ex: If the bibliographic record is found, it can be put into the system catalog immediately.Ex: Light pens can be used to read in data from bar codes on borrowers' cards, books, records, audio-visual materials.Ex: Optical technology has ushered in a new phase in the storage and retrieval of information.Ex: In the beginning staff delivered books to readers in their homes, while in 1972 a mobile library service was inaugurated enabling readers to choose their own materials.Ex: The first printing presses had two moving parts: the carriage assembly, which carried the type and paper in and out of the press, and the impression assembly, by means of which the paper was pressed down on to the inked type.Ex: At all periods, but uncommonly before the eighteenth century, the lines of type might be 'leaded', thin strips of typemetal, reglet, or card being slipped in between each one.Ex: I don't need to tell those of you from higher education institutions how course management systems are starting to really proliferate and roll out in higher education.* introducir a golpes = hammer into.* introducir Algo/Alguien en = usher + Nombre + into.* introducir Algo en = take + Nombre + into.* introducir arrastrando = haul in.* introducir datos = key + data.* introducir datos en el ordenador = input.* introducir datos partiendo de cero = enter from + scratch.* introducir de contrabando = smuggle in.* introducir de nuevo = re-enter [reenter].* introducir en = merge into.* introducir escalonadamente = spiral.* introducir gradualmente = phase in.* introducir ilegalmente = smuggle in.* introducir información = provide + input.* introducir mediante el teclado = keyboard.* introducir mejoras = make + improvements.* introducir poco a poco a = filter through to.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* introducir progresivamente = spiral.* introducirse = creep (up) (in/into), enter into, make + Posesivo + way (into/onto).* introducirse completamente en = immerse + Reflexivo + in.* introducirse en = insinuate + Posesivo + way through, insinuate + Reflexivo + (into), insinuate into.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* introducirse sigilosamente = creep up on.* introducir tirando = haul in.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* volver a introducir = re-enter [reenter], reintroduce, reinsert.* * *introducir [I6 ]vtA (meter) introducir algo EN algo:introdujo la papeleta en la urna he put his ballot paper in o into the ballot box, he placed his ballot paper in the ballot boxintroducir la moneda en la ranura insert the coin in the slotintrodujo la llave en la cerradura he put o inserted the key in o into the lockintroducir un cuchillo en el centro del pastel insert a knife into the middle of the cakeB1 ‹cambios/medidas/ley› to introduce, bring in, institute ( frml) introducir algo EN algo:se introdujo una modificación en el reglamento a change was made in the rulesfue introducida en Europa en el siglo XVI it was introduced o brought into Europe in the 16th centuryquieren introducir un nuevo producto en el mercado they plan to introduce a new product into o bring a new product onto the market2 ‹contrabando/drogas› to bring in, smuggle inun solo perro podría introducir la enfermedad en el país a single dog could bring o introduce the disease into the countryC1 (presentar, iniciar) to introduceestas tres notas introducen el nuevo tema musical these three notes introduce the new theme2 ‹persona› (a una actividad) introducir a algn A algo to introduce sb TO sthfue él quien me introdujo a la lectura de los clásicos it was he who introduced me to the classics3 (en un ambiente) introducir a algn EN algo:su música nos introduce en un mundo mágico his music transports us to a magical worldel escritor nos introduce en la Francia del siglo pasado the writer takes us back to the France of the last century1(meterse): el agua se introducía por las ranuras the water was coming in o was seeping through the cracksla moneda rodó hasta introducirse por una grieta the coin rolled along and dropped down a crack2 «persona» to gain access tose introdujeron en el banco por un túnel they gained access to o got into the bank via a tunnel3«ideas/costumbres/moda»: introducirse EN algo: ideas foráneas que se introdujeron poco a poco en nuestra sociedad foreign ideas which gradually found their way into our societysu obra se introdujo en México a través de las traducciones de Sanz his works became known in Mexico through Sanz's translations* * *
introducir ( conjugate introducir) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to put … in;
‹ moneda› to insert;
introducir algo en algo to put sth into sth;
‹ moneda› to insert sth in sth
2
‹ producto› to introduce
3 ( presentar) ‹acto/cantante› to introduce
introducirse verbo pronominal
[ costumbre] to be introduced
introducir verbo transitivo
1 to introduce: su padre lo introdujo en la política, his father introduced him to politics
2 (meter) to insert, put in: introduzca una moneda, por favor, please insert coin
' introducir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
deslizar
- embutir
- iniciar
- pasar
- sonda
- meter
English:
bring in
- dread
- feed
- input
- insert
- introduce
- jam in
- key in
- opportunity
- pack in
- phase
- promise
- put in
- stick in
- well
- work in
- bring
- float
* * *♦ vt1. [meter] [llave, carta] to put in, to insert;Informát [datos] to input, to enter;introdujo la moneda en la ranura she put o inserted the coin in the slot;introdujo la carta en el sobre he put the letter in the envelope;introduzca su número secreto enter your PIN number2. [conducir] [persona] to show in;introdujo a los visitantes en la sala de espera she showed the visitors into the waiting room3. [en película, novela] to introduce;en su última obra el autor introduce a dos nuevos personajes in his latest work the author introduces two new characters4. [medidas, ley] to introduce, to bring in;introdujeron un plan para combatir el desempleo they introduced o brought in a scheme to combat unemployment;piensan introducir cambios en la ley they are planning to make changes to the law5. [mercancías] to bring in, to introduce;los españoles introdujeron los caballos en América the Spanish introduced horses to America;una banda que introduce droga en el país a gang smuggling drugs into the country;fue él quien introdujo las ideas revolucionarias en el país it was he who introduced o brought revolutionary ideas to the countryla introdujo en el mundo de la moda he introduced her to the world of fashion;nos introdujo en los principios básicos de la astronomía he introduced us to the basic principles of astronomy* * *v/t1 introduce2 ( meter) insert3 INFOR input* * *introducir {61} vt1) : to introduce2) : to bring in3) : to insert4) : to input, to enter* * *introducir vb -
13 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
14 privar
v.1 to be in (fashion) (estar de moda).2 to booze.3 to prevail.En el campo priva la paz Peace and quiet prevails in the country.4 to knock unconscious, to knock out, to render unconscious.* * *1 (despojar) to deprive (de, of)2 familiar (estar de moda) to be in fashion\no privarse de nada familiar to pamper oneself, want for nothing* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=despojar)privar a algn de algo — to deprive sb of sth, take sth away from sb
lo privaron del carnet de conducir — they suspended his driving licence, they took away his driving licence
2) (=prohibir)privar a algn de hacer algo — to forbid sb to do sth, prevent sb from doing sth
no me prives de verte — don't forbid me to come to see you, don't tell me not to come again
3) (=impedir) to prevent4) (=extasiar) to delight, overwhelm2. VI1) * (=gustar mucho)2) * (=estar de moda) to be in fashion, be the thing, be all the rage *en ese periodo privaba la minifalda — at that time miniskirts were in o were all the rage *
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)privar a alguien DE algo — <de derecho/libertad> to deprive somebody of something
2) (Col, Méx) ( dejar inconsciente) to knock... unconscious2.privar vi1) ( destacar)2) (fam) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)3.me privan las manzanas — I adore o really love apples
privarse v pron1)privarse DE algo — de lujos/placeres to deprive oneself of something
cuando tiene ocasión de comer bien, no se priva — when she gets the chance to eat well she doesn't hold back
2)a) (Col, Méx) ( desmayarse) to lose consciousness, pass outb) (Ven) ( quedarse tieso)* * *----* privar de = deprive (of), starve of.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)privar a alguien DE algo — <de derecho/libertad> to deprive somebody of something
2) (Col, Méx) ( dejar inconsciente) to knock... unconscious2.privar vi1) ( destacar)2) (fam) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)3.me privan las manzanas — I adore o really love apples
privarse v pron1)privarse DE algo — de lujos/placeres to deprive oneself of something
cuando tiene ocasión de comer bien, no se priva — when she gets the chance to eat well she doesn't hold back
2)a) (Col, Méx) ( desmayarse) to lose consciousness, pass outb) (Ven) ( quedarse tieso)* * *privar(de)(v.) = deprive (of), starve ofEx: Nonetheless, the indiscriminate use of both terms in a data base creates a situation in which the serious scholar is either deprived of access to half of the material in the collection, or must consult two sequences.
Ex: If a power station is starved of fuel, or its generating capacity is not increased as the load increases, the result will be blackouts.* privar de = deprive (of), starve of.* * *privar [A1 ]vtA privar a algn DE algo ‹de un derecho› to deprive sb OF sthse vio privado de su libertad he was deprived of his freedomlo privaron de la licencia he had his license taken away, he lost his licensefue privado de sus bienes he had all his possessions confiscated, all his possessions were confiscatedB (Col, Méx) (dejar inconsciente) to knock … unconscious■ privarviA(sobresalir, destacar): en su comportamiento priva siempre la honradez her behavior is always characterized by honestyen la casa privaba un ambiente de serenidad a serene atmosphere prevailed in the househoy día privan los avances científicos scientific advances are the important thing nowadaysme privan las manzanas I adore o really love applesahora priva el pelo corto short hair is in now■ privarseA privarse DE algo ‹de lujos/placeres› to deprive oneself OF sthno se privan de nada they don't want for anything, they don't deprive themselves of anythingse privó de comida para pagarlo he deprived himself of o he went without food to pay for itse ha privado del pan para no engordar he's stopped eating o he's going without bread so as not to put on weightcuando tiene ocasión de comer bien, no se priva when she gets the chance to eat well she doesn't hold backB1 (Col, Méx) (desmayarse) to lose consciousness, pass outdel golpe que le dieron se privó he was knocked out by o he passed out with the blow he received2( Ven) (quedarse pasmado): el agua estaba tan fría que me privé the water was so cold that I couldn't breathe properly* * *
privar ( conjugate privar) verbo transitivo
1 privar a algn DE algo ‹de derecho/libertad› to deprive sb of sth
2 (Col, Méx) ( dejar inconsciente) to knock … unconscious
privarse verbo pronominal
1 privarse DE algo ‹de lujos/placeres› to deprive oneself of sth
2 (Col, Méx) ( desmayarse) to lose consciousness, pass out
privar
I vt
1 (despojar) to deprive [de, of]
2 fam (gustar mucho) me priva la fruta, I love fruit
II vi argot (beber) to booze
' privar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
quitar
English:
deprive
- disfranchise
- starve
- disenfranchise
- rob
* * *♦ vt1.privar a algo/alguien de [dejar sin] to deprive sth/sb of;un accidente la privó de la vista she lost her sight in an accident;una caída lo privó de conseguir el triunfo en la carrera a fall robbed him of victory in the race2.privar a alguien de hacer algo [prohibir] to forbid sb to do sth;le han privado de salir por las noches he's forbidden to go out at night♦ vi* * *I v/t:privar a alguien de algo deprive s.o. of sthII v/i fam:me priva la cerveza I love beer;le privan los coches he’s mad about cars fam, he’s car-mad fam* * *privar vt1) despojar: to deprive2) : to stun, to knock out* * * -
15 po
praep. 1. (później niż) after- po śniadaniu/pracy/wojnie after breakfast/work/the war- po chwili after a bit a. moment- po godzinie/dwóch latach an hour/two years later, after an hour/two years- po dwuletnim pobycie w więzieniu after two years in prison- po południu in the afternoon- pięć/kwadrans po czwartej five/a quarter past four- wróciła po dwunastej she came back after twelve- po ukończeniu studiów rozpoczął pracę w szkole after a. on graduating he began working at a school- zdrzemnął się po wyjściu gości he nodded off after the guests had left pot.- po pięćdziesiątce musisz zacząć dbać o siebie when you’re over fifty you need to take care of yourself- po czym and then, after which- oprowadził mnie po starym mieście, po czym zaprosił na piwo he showed me around the Old Town and then invited me for a beer- po czasie late- oddał referat pięć dni po czasie he handed in his paper five days late2. (w przestrzeni, w różnych miejscach) (all) over, around, round GB- po całym mieście/kraju/domu all over (the) town/the country/the house- po całej Europie all over Europe, throughout the whole of Europe- ubrania porozrzucane po pokoju clothes flung all over a. scattered around the room- porozlewać wodę po podłodze to spill water all over the floor- biegać po sklepach to run round the shops pot.- chodzić po korytarzu/pokoju to walk up and down the corridor/around the room- chodzić po lesie/górach to walk in the forest/mountains- oprowadzić kogoś po zamku to show sb around a castle- szukać czegoś po encyklopediach to look a. hunt through encyclopedias for sth- szepczą o tym po kawiarniach tongues are beginning to wag (about it)3. (o powierzchni) (na) on; (wzdłuż) along- chodzić po piasku/trawie to walk on sand/grass- poruszać się po szynach to move (along) on rails- jechać na rowerze po szosie/ścieżce to cycle along a. on a road/path- ślizgać się po zamarzniętym jeziorze to skate on a frozen lake- bębnić palcami po stole to drum one’s fingers on the table- wchodzić/schodzić po schodach to walk up/down the stairs- zjeżdżać po poręczy to slide down the banisters- zupa ściekała mu po brodzie the soup was dripping down his chin- poruszać się po linii prostej to move in a straight line- przechodzić przez jezdnię po pasach to cross the road at a zebra crossing- głaskać kogoś po włosach/policzku to stroke sb’s hair/cheek- całować kogoś po rękach to kiss sb’s hands- pokrzywy parzyły go po nogach nettles were stinging his legs4. (o stronie) on- po tej/drugiej stronie ulicy on this/on the other side of the street- po prawej stronie drogi to the right of the road- po obu stronach kartki on both sides of the paper- kawałek chleba posmarowany po wierzchu dżemem a piece of bread with jam spread on top- placek przypalony po brzegach a pie burnt along the edges5. (do górnej granicy) (przestrzennej) (up) to, as far as; (czasowej) up to, till, until- po szyję/czubek głowy up to the neck/the top of one’s head- silne wiatry od Bałkanów po Skandynawię strong winds from the Balkans up to Scandinavia- wody było po kolana the water was knee-deep- talerz pełen po brzegi a plate full to the brim- od średniowiecza po schyłek Oświecenia from the Middle Ages up to a. until the end of the Enlightenment- od profesora po sekretarkę from the professor down to the secretary6. (w hierarchii, kolejności) after- była w naszym domu pierwszą osobą po ojcu she was the second most important person in our home after father- miał piąty po zwycięzcy czas na mecie he had the fifth best time (after the winner)- jeden po drugim one after the other a. another- przesłuchiwał taśmę po taśmie he listened to one tape after another- krok po kroku step by step- dzień po dniu day after day; day in, day out7. (dziedziczenie) from (kimś sb)- odziedziczyć coś po kimś to inherit sth from sb- objąć stanowisko po kimś to take over sb’s position, to succeed sb- objął tron po wuju he succeeded his uncle to a. on the throne- dom miał po dziadku he inherited the house from his grandfather- po matce miała talent muzyczny she had inherited her mother’s musical talent- prowadził po ojcu sklep mięsny he ran a butcher’s shop inherited from his father- nosić imię po dziadku to be named after one’s grandfather8. (następstwo) [sprzątać, zmywać] after (kimś sb)- rozpaczać po kimś to grieve over a. for sb- płakać po kimś to mourn sb- obiecywać sobie coś a. oczekiwać czegoś po kimś/czymś to expect sth from sb/sth- nie obiecuj sobie po nim zbyt wiele don’t expect too much from him- czego oczekujesz po tym zebraniu? what are you expecting from the meeting?- butelka po mleku/piwie a milk/beer bottle- pusty worek po ziemniakach an empty potato sack9 (na podstawie) by- poznać kogoś po głosie/ruchach to recognize sb by their voice/movements- po czym go poznałeś? how did you recognize him?- widać po twoich oczach, że jesteś zmęczona I can see a. tell by your eyes that you’re tired- sądząc po akcencie, (on) pochodzi z Dublina judging by a. from his accent, he comes from Dublin10 (cel) for (kogoś/coś sb/sth)- stać w kolejce po mięso to stand in the meat queue, to queue up for meat- zadzwonić po lekarza/taksówkę to phone for the doctor/a taxi- poszła do sklepu po chleb she went to the shop for some bread- poszedł po wnuczkę he went to collect his granddaughter- zatelefonowała do niego po radę she called him to ask for some advice- przyszedłem tu tylko po to, żeby wyjaśnić całą sprawę I just came here to explain the whole thing a. business pot.- nie po to przez pięć lat studiowałam prawo, żeby pracować jako kelnerka I didn’t study law for five years (in order) to work as a waitress- co a. cóż ci po pękniętej filiżance? what do you need a cracked cup for?- nic mi po takich radach what’s the use of advice like that?- nic tu po mnie I’m not needed here; I may as well go a. be off pot- po co what for?, why?- po cóż whatever for?- po co ci nóż? what do you need a knife for?- nie wiem, po co tu przyszła I don’t know what she came here for a. why she came here11 (wyrażające miarę, liczbę, wartość) po trzy z każdej strony three on each side- po parę razy dziennie several times a day- trzy pliki po sto banknotów (każdy) three bundles of a hundred banknotes each- po 2 złote za sztukę (at) 2 zlotys each a. apiece- po 5 złotych za kilo (at) 5 zlotys a a. per kilo- po ile? a. po czemu? przest. how much?- po ile te pomidory? how much are these tomatoes?- wchodziły po jednej they entered one by one a. one at a time- podchodzić do stołu po dwóch/trzech to come up to a. approach the table in twos/threes- po trochu bit by bit, little by little- zapłaciliśmy po dziesięć złotych we paid ten zlotys each- dostali po dwa jabłka they each got two apples- każde dziecko dostało po zabawce each child a. each of the children got a toy- Adam i Robert wygrali po książce Adam and Robert each won a book12 (w wyrażeniu przysłówkowym) po ojcowsku/profesorsku/chłopięcemu like a father/professor/boy- zrób to po swojemu do it your own way- czy mówisz po litewsku/włosku? can you speak Lithuanian/Italian?- powiedz to po angielsku say it in English■ po temu (stosowny) for it- to nie miejsce i czas po temu this is not the (right) time or place for it- powiem jej, kiedy nadarzy się po temu okazja I’ll tell her when I get the chance a. opportunity- mam po temu powody I have my reasons- miała wszelkie warunki po temu, żeby być dobrą aktorką she had all the makings of a good actress* * *abbr ( SZKOL: = Przysposobienie Obronne)* * *poprep.+ Loc.1. ( czas) after; past; dziesięć po trzeciej ten past l. after three; już po wszystkim it's all over now; mądry Polak po szkodzie everybody's got 20/20 hindsight, (it's easy to be) wise after the event; po chwili after a while, a moment later; po lecie przychodzi jesień summer is followed by fall l. autumn; po kilku latach after a few years, (a) few years later; po śniadaniu after breakfast; po zmroku after dark; przyjadę po świętach I'll come after Christmas.3. ( pochodzenie) from, of; butelka po winie (empty) wine bottle; garnek po mleku dirty milk pot; puszka po rybach empty fish can; rzeczy po kimś hand-me-downs.4. (= na podstawie) by; nie dać czegoś znać po sobie not let sth show; rozpoznać kogoś po akcencie/głosie recognize l. tell sb by his l. her accent/voice.5. ( dziedziczenie) after, from; dostała imię po babce she was named after her grandmother; głos mam po ojcu I get my voice from my father; objąć stanowisko po kimś take over from sb; spadek po wujku inheritance from one's uncle.6. ( hierarchia) after, next to; najważniejszy po prezydencie next to president; pierwszy po Bogu next to God; po Mickiewiczu after Mickiewicz.7. (przestrzeń, powierzchnia) in, around, on, over, along; całować kogoś po policzkach/rękach kiss sb's cheeks/hand; chodzić po linie walk on a rope; dreszcz przebiegł mi po plecach chill ran down my spine; głaskać kogoś po włosach stroke sb's hair; po drugiej stronie on the other side; po kładce over the footbridge; po korytarzu in l. along the corridor; po kraju around the country; po lesie/górach in the forest/mountains; po linii prostej in a straight line; po niebie in the sky; po mieście around the city; po okolicy around the neighborhood; po pokoju around the room; po trawie on grass; schodzić po schodach/drabinie go down the stairs/ladder; wchodzić po schodach/drabinie go up the stairs/ladder; wędrować po górach walk l. hike the mountains.8. ( rozciągłość w przestrzeni) around, round; chodzić po ludziach go from door to door; przesiadywać po kawiarniach sit around in cafes; jeździć po sanatoriach go from one sanatorium to another; włóczyć się po sądach drag o.s. from court to court.9. ( rozciągłość w czasie) to, till, until; pisać po całych dniach write for days on end; ślęczeć po nocach sit up late.10. ( systematyczność) by; po kawałku piece by piece, bit by bit; po trochu bit by bit; little by little.11. + Acc. ( zasięg) (up) to; stać w wodzie po kolana stand knee-deep in water; kufel wypełniony po brzegi beer mug full to the brim; uśmiać się po pachy laugh one's head off.12. + Acc. ( kres) till, until, to; aż po wszystkie czasy przest. till l. to the end of time; po dziś dzień przest. to this day.13. + Acc. ( cel) for; przyjść po poradę come for advice; dzwonić po lekarza call a doctor; sięgać po poradnik reach for a handbook; po co? what for?; po co to robisz? what are you doing this for?; nie pójdę tam, bo i po co? I'm not going there, what's the use?; po co o tym myślisz? what's the use of thinking about it?; nie wiem, po co to zrobiłem I don't know what I did it for; licho wie po co god knows why; po co ta mowa? pot. save your breath; po jakie licho l. kiego grzyba? pot. what the heck l. hell for?14. + Acc. (okeślona, powtarzająca się ilość, liczba) a, per; po trzy złote za kilogram three zloty a kilo; po pięć sztuk w paczce five items per pack.16. + Dat. ( sposób) in; po angielsku/polsku in English/Polish; po bożemu in a godly fashion; po cichu silently; po góralsku highlanders' fashion; po koleżeńsku friendly; po ludzku humanely; po mistrzowsku in a masterly way; po nowemu in a new way; po ojcowsku like a father; po pijanemu when drunk; po prostu just like that; po staremu in the (same) old way; posuwać się po omacku grope in the dark.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > po
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16 penetrar
v.1 to pierce, to penetrate (introducirse en) (sujeto: arma, sonido).Los policías penetraron The policemen penetrated.Ella penetró el misterio She penetrated=understood the mystery.El ácido penetra la piel Acid penetrates the skin.La bala penetra la pared The bullet pierces the wall.2 to get to the bottom of (secreto, misterio).3 to penetrate (sexualmente).4 to go deep into, to penetrate.El misil penetró la tierra The missile went deep into the ground.* * *1 (introducirse - en un territorio) to penetrate (en, -); (- en una casa, propiedad) to enter2 (atravesar) to penetrate, seep through1 (atravesar) to penetrate; (ruido) to pierce■ el olor era tan fuerte que penetró la ropa the smell was so strong that it got right into our clothes2 (descifrar - misterio) to get to the bottom of; (- secreto) to fathom (out)* * *verb1) to penetrate2) enter* * *1. VI1) (=entrar)penetraron a través de o por una claraboya — they entered through a skylight
el agua había penetrado a través de o por las paredes — the water had seeped into the walls
penetrar en: penetramos en un túnel — we went into o entered a tunnel
el cuchillo penetró en la carne — the knife went into o entered o penetrated the flesh
2) frm (=descifrar) to penetrate2. VT1) (=atravesar) to go right through2) [sexualmente] to penetrate3) frm (=descubrir) [+ misterio] to fathom; [+ secreto] to unlock; [+ sentido] to grasp; [+ intención] to see through, grasp3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) ( entrar)penetrar por algo — agua/humedad to seep through something
b) ( en el acto sexual) to penetrate2.penetrar vta) <defensa/membrana> to penetrateb) (liter) <misterio/secreto> to fathom, penetrate (liter)c) (Com) < mercado> to penetrated) ( en el acto sexual) to penetrate* * *= cut through, go into, penetrate, go in, permeate, break through, tread into, seep into, seep through, seep, pervade, see through, insinuate + Reflexivo + (into), insinuate + Posesivo + way through, insinuate into, pierce, intromit.Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.Ex. But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.Ex. But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.Ex. This concept permeates all bibliothecal activities from start to finish, especially indexing and abstracting.Ex. Is there a glass ceiling for librarians? If so, what's the best way to break through it?.Ex. This seems to suggest that Schopenhauer may have trodden much further into the mystics' domain than he is willing to admit.Ex. Rampant commercialism is seeping into every crevice of American culture.Ex. The consequences were beginning to seep through to respondents at the time of the visits made to them and were creating a great deal of concern.Ex. The outer edges of the sheet -- the deckle edges -- are rough and uneven where the stuff seeped between the deckle and the mould.Ex. I strongly believe that we must cultivate a more positive attitude towards change in the field of library work, and that this attitude must pervade all levels of librarianship.Ex. Books can seldom be disbound for the benefit of bibliographers (although it is worth remembering that they sometimes have to be rebound, when they are completely dismembered), but we can now see through printing ink by means of betaradiography.Ex. But self-concern can insinuate itself into every corner of the emotional life.Ex. As they insinuated their way through the stack area, the secretary responded that all she knew was that the director had just returned from a meeting.Ex. While endorsing the thought that language is insinuated into brains, I also identify what I believe is the theory's Achilles heel.Ex. She waited like Saint Sebastian for the arrows to begin piercing her.Ex. During copulation, hamster females maintain lordosis for hundreds of seconds, while the male mounts and intromits repeatedly.----* osar penetrar = venture into.* palabras + penetrar = words + sink.* penetrar de un modo inclinado = slant into.* penetrar una barrera = break through + barrier.* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) ( entrar)penetrar por algo — agua/humedad to seep through something
b) ( en el acto sexual) to penetrate2.penetrar vta) <defensa/membrana> to penetrateb) (liter) <misterio/secreto> to fathom, penetrate (liter)c) (Com) < mercado> to penetrated) ( en el acto sexual) to penetrate* * *= cut through, go into, penetrate, go in, permeate, break through, tread into, seep into, seep through, seep, pervade, see through, insinuate + Reflexivo + (into), insinuate + Posesivo + way through, insinuate into, pierce, intromit.Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.Ex: But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.Ex: But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.Ex: This concept permeates all bibliothecal activities from start to finish, especially indexing and abstracting.Ex: Is there a glass ceiling for librarians? If so, what's the best way to break through it?.Ex: This seems to suggest that Schopenhauer may have trodden much further into the mystics' domain than he is willing to admit.Ex: Rampant commercialism is seeping into every crevice of American culture.Ex: The consequences were beginning to seep through to respondents at the time of the visits made to them and were creating a great deal of concern.Ex: The outer edges of the sheet -- the deckle edges -- are rough and uneven where the stuff seeped between the deckle and the mould.Ex: I strongly believe that we must cultivate a more positive attitude towards change in the field of library work, and that this attitude must pervade all levels of librarianship.Ex: Books can seldom be disbound for the benefit of bibliographers (although it is worth remembering that they sometimes have to be rebound, when they are completely dismembered), but we can now see through printing ink by means of betaradiography.Ex: But self-concern can insinuate itself into every corner of the emotional life.Ex: As they insinuated their way through the stack area, the secretary responded that all she knew was that the director had just returned from a meeting.Ex: While endorsing the thought that language is insinuated into brains, I also identify what I believe is the theory's Achilles heel.Ex: She waited like Saint Sebastian for the arrows to begin piercing her.Ex: During copulation, hamster females maintain lordosis for hundreds of seconds, while the male mounts and intromits repeatedly.* osar penetrar = venture into.* palabras + penetrar = words + sink.* penetrar de un modo inclinado = slant into.* penetrar una barrera = break through + barrier.* * *penetrar [A1 ]vi1(en un lugar): la puerta por donde penetró el ladrón the door through which the thief enteredel agua penetraba por entre las tejas water was seeping in o coming in between the tilesuna luz tenue penetraba a través de los visillos a pale light filtered in through the lace curtainsun intenso olor penetraba por todos los rincones de la casa a pungent smell pervaded every corner of the housepenetrar EN algo:la bala penetró en el pulmón izquierdo the bullet pierced his left lungtropas enemigas han penetrado en nuestras fronteras enemy troops have pushed over o crossed o penetrated our bordershace un frío que penetra en los huesos the cold gets right into your bonesla humedad había penetrado en las paredes the damp had seeped into the wallsesta crema penetra rápidamente en la piel this cream is quickly absorbed by the skin2 (descubrir, descifrar) penetrar EN algo:intenta penetrar en la intimidad del personaje he attempts to delve into the personality of the characteres difícil penetrar en su mente it is difficult to fathom his thoughts o ( colloq) to get inside his head3 (en un mercado) penetrar EN algo to penetrate sth4 (en el acto sexual) to penetrate■ penetrarvt1 (atravesar) to penetrateun ruido que penetra los oídos a piercing o ear-splitting noisees difícil penetrar la corteza it is difficult to penetrate o get through the outer layer2 ‹misterio/secreto› to fathom3 ( Com) ‹mercado› to penetrate4 (en el acto sexual) to penetrate* * *
penetrar ( conjugate penetrar) verbo intransitivo ( entrar) penetrar por algo [agua/humedad] to seep through sth;
[ luz] to shine through sth;
[ ladrón] to enter through sth;
penetrar EN algo to penetrate sth
verbo transitivo
to penetrate;◊ la bala le penetró el pulmón the bullet penetrated o entered his lung
penetrar
I verbo transitivo to penetrate: el aceite penetró el tejido y no pude sacar la mancha, the oil went straight through the material and I couldn't get it out
era incapaz de penetrar el sentido de sus palabras, it was impossible to get to the bottom of his meaning
un intenso olor penetraba el lugar, a strong smell seeped through the place
II vi (en un recinto) to go o get [en, in]: un frente frío penetrará por el noroeste, a cold front will sweep over from the north-east
el veneno penetró en la piel, the poison was soaked in through the skin
' penetrar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
calar
- internarse
English:
come through
- penetrate
- pierce
- sink in
- soak in
- strike through
- break
* * *♦ viel agua penetraba por la puerta the water was seeping under the door;la luz penetraba por entre las rendijas the light came filtering through the cracks;[filtrarse por] to get into, to penetrate; [perforar] to pierce; [llegar a conocer] to get to the bottom of;cinco terroristas penetraron en el palacio five terrorists got into the palace;no consiguen penetrar en el mercado europeo they have been unable to penetrate the European market♦ vt1. [introducirse en] [sujeto: arma, sonido] to pierce, to penetrate;[sujeto: humedad, líquido] to permeate; [sujeto: emoción, sentimiento] to pierce;la bala le penetró el corazón the bullet pierced her heart;el frío les penetraba hasta los huesos they were chilled to the bone;el grito le penetró los oídos the scream pierced her eardrums;han penetrado el mercado latinoamericano they have made inroads into o penetrated the Latin American market2. [secreto, misterio] to get to the bottom of3. [sexualmente] to penetrate* * *I v/t penetrateII v/i1 ( atravesar) penetrate2 ( entrar) enter* * *penetrar vi1) : to penetrate, to sink in2)penetrar por orpenetrar en : to pierce, to go in, to enter intoel frío penetra por la ventana: the cold comes right in through the windowpenetrar vt1) : to penetrate, to permeate2) : to pierceel dolor penetró su corazón: sorrow pierced her heart3) : to fathom, to understand* * *penetrar vb1. (entrar) to get into2. (perforar) to penetrate / to pierce -
17 Robinson, George J.
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1712 Scotlandd. 1798 England[br]Scottish manufacturer who installed the first Boulton \& Watt rotative steam-engine in a textile mill.[br]George Robinson is said to have been a Scots migrant who settled at Burwell, near Nottingham, in 1737, but there is no record of his occupation until 1771, when he was noticed as a bleacher. By 1783 he and his son were describing themselves as "merchants and thread manufacturers" as well as bleachers. For their thread, they were using the system of spinning on the waterframe, but it is not known whether they held a licence from Arkwright. Between 1776 and 1791, the firm G.J. \& J.Robinson built a series of six cotton mills with a complex of dams and aqueducts to supply them in the relatively flat land of the Leen valley, near Papplewick, to the north of Nottingham. By careful conservation they were able to obtain considerable power from a very small stream. Castle mill was not only the highest one owned by the Robinsons, but it was also the highest mill on the stream and was fed from a reservoir. The Robinsons might therefore have expected to have enjoyed uninterrupted use of the water, but above them lived Lord Byron in his estate of Newstead Priory. The fifth Lord Byron loved making ornamental ponds on his property so that he could have mock naval battles with his servants, and this tampered with the water supplies so much that the Robinsons found they were unable to work their mills.In 1785 they decided to order a rotative steam engine from the firm of Boulton \& Watt. It was erected by John Rennie; however, misfortune seemed to dog this engine, for parts went astray to Manchester and when the engine was finally running at the end of February 1786 it was found to be out of alignment so may not have been very successful. At about the same time, the lawsuit against Lord Byron was found in favour of the Robinsons, but the engine continued in use for at least twelve years and was the first of the type which was to power virtually all steamdriven mills until the 1850s to be installed in a textile mill. It was a low-pressure double-acting condensing beam engine, with a vertical cylinder, parallel motion connecting the piston toone end of a rocking beam, and a connecting rod at the other end of the beam turning the flywheel. In this case Watt's sun and planet motion was used in place of a crank.[br]Further ReadingR.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (for an account of the installation of this engine).D.M.Smith, 1965, Industrial Archaeology of the East Midlands, Newton Abbot (describes the problems which the Robinsons had with the water supplies to power their mills).S.D.Chapman, 1967, The Early Factory Masters, Newton Abbot (provides details of the business activities of the Robinsons).J.D.Marshall, 1959, "Early application of steam power: the cotton mills of the Upper Leen", Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire 60 (mentions the introduction of this steam-engine).RLH -
18 AUGA
* * *(gen. pl. augna), n.1) eye;lúka (bregða) upp augum, bregða augum í sundr, to open (lift up) the eyes;lúka aptr augum, to shift the eyes;renna (bregða, leiða) augum til e-s, to turn the eyes to;leiða e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes;berja augum í e-t, to take into consideration;koma augum á e-t, to set eyes on, become aware of;hafa auga á e-u, t have, keep, an eye upon;segja e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, right in the face;unna e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls;e-m vex e-t í augu, one has scruples about;náit er nef augum, the nose is neighbor to the eyes;gløggt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp;mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes;eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot hide it if a woman loves a man;2) hole, aperture in a needle (nálarauga), in a millstone (kvarnarauga) or an axe-head;3) pit full of water.* * *n., gen. pl. augna, [Lat. oculus, a dimin. of an obsolete ocus; Gr. οφθαλμός (Boeot. οκταλμός); Sanskr. aksha: the word is common to Sanskrit with the Slavonic, Greek, Roman, and Teutonic idioms: Goth. augo; Germ, auge; A. S. eâge; Engl. eye; Scot. ee; Swed. öga; Dan. öje, etc. Grimm s. v. suggests a relationship to Lat. acies, acutus, etc. The letter n appears in the plur. of the mod. northern languages; the Swedes say ‘ögon,’ oculi, the Danes ‘öjne;’ with the article ‘ögonen’ and ‘öjnene;’ Old Engl. ‘eyne;’ Scot. ‘een’]I. an eye. It is used in Icel. in a great many proverbs, e. g. betr sjá augu en auga, ‘two eyes see better than one,’ i. e. it is good to yield to advice: referring to love, unir auga meðan á sér, the eye is pleased whilst it can behold (viz. the object of its affection), Fas. i. 125, cp. Völs. rím. 4. 189; eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot bide it, if a woman love a man, i. e. they tell their own tale, Ísl. ii. 251. This pretty proverb is an απ. λεγ. l. c. and is now out of use; it is no doubt taken from a poem in a dróttkvætt metre, (old proverbs have alliteration, but neither rhymes nor assonance, rhyming proverbs are of a comparatively late date): medic., eigi er sá heill er í augun verkir, Fbr. 75; sá drepr opt fæti ( slips) er augnanna missir, Bs. i. 742; hætt er einu auganu nema vel fari, he who has only one eye to lose will take care of it (comm.); húsbóndans auga sér bezt, the master’s eye sees best; glögt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp; mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes, i. e. what is to be hidden must not be done in broad daylight, Hm. 81; náið er nef augum, the nose is near akin to the eyes (tua res agitur paries quum proximus ardet), Nj. 21; opt verðr slíkt á sæ, kvað selr, var skotinn í auga, this often happens at sea, quoth the seal, when he was shot in the eye, of one who is in a scrape, Fms. viii. 402. In many phrases, at unna ( to love) e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls, Nj. 217; þótti mér slökt it sætasta ljós augna minna, by his death the sweetest light of my eyes was quenched, 187: hvert grætr þú nú Skarphéðinn? eigi er þat segir Skarphéðinn, en hitt er satt at súrnar í augum, the eyes smart from smoke, 200: renna, líta augum, to seek with the eyes, to look upon: it is used in various connections, renna, líta ástaraugum, vánaraugum, vinaraugum, trúaraugum, öfundaraugum, girndarauga, with eyes of love, hope, friendship, faith, envy, desire: mæna a. denotes an upward or praying look; stara, fixed; horfa, attentive; lygna, blundskaka, stupid or slow; blína, glápa, góna, vacant or silly; skima, wandering; hvessa augu, a threatening look; leiða e-n a., to measure one with the eyes; gjóta, or skjóta hornauga, or skjóta a. í skjálg, to throw a side glance of dislike or ill-will; gjóta augum is always in a bad sense; renna, líta mostly in a good sense: gefa e-u auga, oculum adjicere alicui; hafa auga á e-u, to keep an eye on it; segja e-m e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, Orkn. 454; at augum, adverb. with open eyes, Hervar. S. (in a verse), etc. As regards various movements of the eyes; ljúka upp augum, to open the eyes; láta aptr augun, to shut the eyes; draga auga í pung, to draw the eye into a purse, i. e. shut one eye; depla augum, to blink; at drepa titlinga (Germ. äugeln, blinzen), to wink, to kill tits with the suppressed glances of the eye; glóðarauga, a suffusion on the eye, hyposphagma; kýrauga. proptosis; vagl á auga, a beam in the eye; skjálgr, Lat. limus; ský, albugo; tekinn til augnanna, with sunken eyes, etc., Fél. ix. 192; a. bresta, in death: hafa stýrur í augum, to have prickles in the eyes, when the eyes ache for want of sleep: vatna músum, ‘to water mice,’ used esp. of children weeping silently and trying to hide their tears. As to the look or expression of the eyes there are sundry metaph. phrases, e. g. hafa fékróka í augum, to have wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, of a shrewd money getting fellow, Fms. ii. 84, cp. Orkn. 330, 188, where krókauga is a cognom.; kvenna-króka, one insinuating with the fair sex; hafa ægishjalm í augum is a metaphor of one with a piercing, commanding eye, an old mythical term for the magical power of the eye, v. Grimm’s D. Mythol. under Ægishjalmr: vera mjótt á milli augnanna, the distance between the eyes being short, is a popular saying, denoting a close, stingy man, hence mjóeygr means close: e-m vex e-t í augu (now augum), to shrink back from, of a thing waxing and growing before one’s eyes so that one dares not face it. As to the shape, colour, etc. of the eye, vide the adj. ‘eygr’ or ‘eygðr’ in its many compds. Lastly we may mention the belief, that when the water in baptism touches the eyes, the child is thereby in future life prevented from seeing ghosts or goblins, vide the words úfreskr and skygn. No spell can touch the human eye; en er harm sá augu hans (that of Loki in the shape of a bird), þá grunaði hann (the giant) at maðr mundi vera, Edda 60; í bessum birni þykist hón kenna augu Bjarnar konungs sonar, Fas. i. 51, vide Ísl. Þjóðs.II. meton. and metaph. auga is used in a great many connections:α. astron.; þjaza augu, the eyes of the giant Thiazi, is a constellation, probably the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux; the story is told in the Edda 47, cp. Harbarðsljóð 19; (Snorri attributes it to Odin, the poem to Thor.)β. botan., auga = Lat. gemma, Hjalt. 38; kattarauga, cat’s eye, is the flower forget-me-not.γ. the spots that form the numbers on dice, Magn. 530.δ. the hole in a millstone; kvarnarauga, Edda 79, 221, Hkr. i. 121: the opening into which an axe handle is fastened, Sturl. ii. 91: a pit full of water, Fs. 45: nálarauga, a needle’s eye: vindauga, wind’s eye or window (which orig. had no glass in it), A. S. eag-dura (eye-door); also gluggi, q. v.: gleraugu, spectacles.ε. anatom., the pan of the hip joint, v. augnakarl, Fms. iii. 392: gagnaugu, temples.ζ. hafsauga, the bottom of the ocean, in the popular phrase, fara út í hafsauga, descendere ad tartara.η. poët. the sun is called heimsauga, dagsauga, Jónas 119.COMPDS either with sing. auga or pl. augna; in the latter case mod. usage sometimes drops the connecting vowel a, e. g. augn-dapr, augn-depra, augn-fagr, etc. auga-bragð (augna-), n. the twinkling of an eye, Hm. 77; á einu a., in the twinkling of an eye, Ver. 32, Edda (pref.) 146, Sks. 559, Rb. 568: a glance, look, snart a., Fms. ii. 174; mikit a., v. 335; úfagrligt a., Fs. 43; hafa a. af e-u, to cast a look at, Fbr. 49, Fms. xi. 424: in the phrase, at hafa e-n (or verða) at augabragði, metaph. to make sport of, to mock, deride, gaze at, Stj. 627, 567, Hm. 5, 29. auga-brun, f. the eye-brow. auga-staðr, m. an eye-mark; hafa a. á e-u, to mark with the eye. auga-steinn (augna-), m. the eye-ball, Hkr. iii. 365, Fms. v. 152. augna-bending, f. a warning glance, Pr. 452. augna-blik, n. mod. = augnabragð, s. augna-bólga, u, f. ophthalmia. augna-brá, f. the eye-lid, D. N. i. 216. augna-fagr and aug-fagr, adj. fair-eyed, Fas. ii. 365, Fms. v. 200. augna-fró, f. a plant, eye-bright, euphrasia, also augna-gras, Hjalt. 231. augna-fræ, n. lychnis alpina. augna-gaman, n. a sport, delight for the eyes to gaze at, Ld. 202, Bær. 17, Fsm. 5 (love, sweetheart). augna-gróm, n. (medic.) a spot in the eye; metaph., ekki a., no mere speck, of whatever can easily be seen. augna-hár, n. an eye-lash. augna-hvannr, m. the eye-lid. augna-hvita, u, f. albugo. augna-karl, n. the pan of the hip joint; slíta or slitna or augnaköllunum, Fas. iii. 392. augna-kast, n. a wild glance, Barl. 167. augna-kláði, a, m. psorophthalmi. augna-krókr, n. the corner of the eye. augna-lag, n. a look, Ld. 154. augna-lok, n. ‘eye-covers,’ eye-lids. augna-mein, n. a disease of the eye. augna-mjörkvi, a, m. dimness of the eye, Pr. 471. augna-ráð, n. expression of the eye. augna-skot, n. a look askance, Gþl. 286, Fs. 44 (of cats). augna-slím, n. glaucoma. augna-staðr, m. the socket of the eye, Magn. 532. augna-sveinn, m. a lad leading a blind man, Str. 46. augn-tepra, u, f. hippus. augna-topt, f. the socket of the eye. augna-verkr, m. pain in the eye, Hkr. ii. 257, Bs. i. 451, Pr. 471, Bjarn. 58. augna-vik, n. pl. = augnakrókr. augna-þungi, a, m. heaviness of the eye, Hkr. ii. 257. -
19 צוף
צוּף(b. h.; cmp. טוּף) ( to shine, 1) to come to the surface, float; to lie in a conspicuous place (on a stone, pillar). Sifré Deut. 205 (ref. to Deut. 21:1 בשדה) ולא צָף עלוכ׳ but not when found floating on the water; Sot.IX, 2. Y.Peah VI, 19c (if two bodies are found, one lying on top of the other, the ceremony of breaking a heifers neck is not performed) התחתון משום … משום צף not for the lower one, because it is hidden, nor for the upper one, because it lies in a conspicuous place; Sot.45a (referring to two sheaves lying one upon the other) והעליון מפני שהוא צף (Ar. עף) and the upper is not considered a forgotten sheaf, because Ib. צָפוּ עומדין לתוךוכ׳ (Ar. עפו) if sheaves floated into a neighbors field; ib. צפו אין מונחין לא only when they came to lie in a conspicuous place, and not when they rested on the ground? Ib. bot. מין במינו לא הוי צף one thing lying on another of the same kind is not considered as above the ground. Cant. R. to VII, 9 צף הכבשן the furnace (in the ground) came up to the surface (v. פְּלַטְיָא II). Ab. II, 6 גולגולת שצָפָהוכ׳, a skull floating on the water. Makhsh. IV, 5 הנתזין והצָפִין water that is squirted out of, and that which overflows the vessel; Sabb.12a והצפין Rashi, a. Ms. O. (ed. והנצפין, corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) to stick to the surface. Sot.48b; Y. ib. IX, 24b bot., v. נוֹפֶת; Tanḥ. Ekeb 1 fine flour שהיא צפה בנפה (not בפה) which sticks to the sieve; Yalk. Ps. 676 שהוא נפה בנפה (corr. acc.).V. צָף. Hif. הֵצִיף, הִצִּיף to bring to the surface, cause to float; to cause to overflow; to flood, inundate. Tanḥ. Bshall. 2 ה׳ הברזל caused the iron axe to float. Gen. R. s. 38 (ref. to Gen. 11:8) אין ויפץ אלא ויָצֶףה׳ עליהן הים וה׳וכ׳ vayafets means vayatsef, he made the sea flow over them, and caused thirty families to flow (issue) from them. Lev. R. s. 27, beg. שלא יַצִּיף העולם that it (the deep) may not inundate the world; Midr. Till. to Ps. 36; Yalk. Ps. 726. Nidd.II, 7 (expl. מימי אדמה) מבקעת בית כרם ומֵצִיף (עליה) מים earth from the valley of Beth Kerem, upon which you make water float; Y. ed. מֵיצֵף עליו מים (fr. צָפַף); expl. ib. 50b top מיצף מים צ׳׳ג מטלית one makes the water come to the surface through a rag spread and pressed over it. B. Mets.23b במציף when he poured the sealing wax over it (without making an impression; Ms. O. a. R. 1 במוצף Hof. when the wax was poured over it). -
20 צוּף
צוּף(b. h.; cmp. טוּף) ( to shine, 1) to come to the surface, float; to lie in a conspicuous place (on a stone, pillar). Sifré Deut. 205 (ref. to Deut. 21:1 בשדה) ולא צָף עלוכ׳ but not when found floating on the water; Sot.IX, 2. Y.Peah VI, 19c (if two bodies are found, one lying on top of the other, the ceremony of breaking a heifers neck is not performed) התחתון משום … משום צף not for the lower one, because it is hidden, nor for the upper one, because it lies in a conspicuous place; Sot.45a (referring to two sheaves lying one upon the other) והעליון מפני שהוא צף (Ar. עף) and the upper is not considered a forgotten sheaf, because Ib. צָפוּ עומדין לתוךוכ׳ (Ar. עפו) if sheaves floated into a neighbors field; ib. צפו אין מונחין לא only when they came to lie in a conspicuous place, and not when they rested on the ground? Ib. bot. מין במינו לא הוי צף one thing lying on another of the same kind is not considered as above the ground. Cant. R. to VII, 9 צף הכבשן the furnace (in the ground) came up to the surface (v. פְּלַטְיָא II). Ab. II, 6 גולגולת שצָפָהוכ׳, a skull floating on the water. Makhsh. IV, 5 הנתזין והצָפִין water that is squirted out of, and that which overflows the vessel; Sabb.12a והצפין Rashi, a. Ms. O. (ed. והנצפין, corr. acc.); a. fr. 2) to stick to the surface. Sot.48b; Y. ib. IX, 24b bot., v. נוֹפֶת; Tanḥ. Ekeb 1 fine flour שהיא צפה בנפה (not בפה) which sticks to the sieve; Yalk. Ps. 676 שהוא נפה בנפה (corr. acc.).V. צָף. Hif. הֵצִיף, הִצִּיף to bring to the surface, cause to float; to cause to overflow; to flood, inundate. Tanḥ. Bshall. 2 ה׳ הברזל caused the iron axe to float. Gen. R. s. 38 (ref. to Gen. 11:8) אין ויפץ אלא ויָצֶףה׳ עליהן הים וה׳וכ׳ vayafets means vayatsef, he made the sea flow over them, and caused thirty families to flow (issue) from them. Lev. R. s. 27, beg. שלא יַצִּיף העולם that it (the deep) may not inundate the world; Midr. Till. to Ps. 36; Yalk. Ps. 726. Nidd.II, 7 (expl. מימי אדמה) מבקעת בית כרם ומֵצִיף (עליה) מים earth from the valley of Beth Kerem, upon which you make water float; Y. ed. מֵיצֵף עליו מים (fr. צָפַף); expl. ib. 50b top מיצף מים צ׳׳ג מטלית one makes the water come to the surface through a rag spread and pressed over it. B. Mets.23b במציף when he poured the sealing wax over it (without making an impression; Ms. O. a. R. 1 במוצף Hof. when the wax was poured over it).
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